新疆察布查尔县锡伯族成人20项容貌形态学特征  

Observation and analysis of 20 facial morphological characteristics of Xibo ethnicity adults in Chabchar in Xinjiang

作　　者：侯艳丽[1] 徐国昌[2] 张庆远[1] 刘荣志[1] 许明珠 温有锋 HOU Yan-li;XU Guo-chang;ZHANG Qing-yuan;LIU Rong-zhi;XU Ming-zhu;WEN You-feng(Basic Medical,Nanyang Medical College,He’nan Nanyang 473058,China;Institute of Anthropology,Nanyang Institute of Technology,He’nan Nanyang 473004,China;Zhang Zhongjing Medical College,Nanyang Institute of Technology,He’nan Nanyang 473004,China;Institute of Biological Anthropology,Jinzhou Medical University,Liaoning Jinzhou 121000,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳医学高等专科学校基础部,河南南阳473058 [2]南阳理工学院人类学研究所,河南南阳473004 [3]南阳理工学院张仲景国医国药学院,河南南阳473004 [4]锦州医科大学生物人类学研究所,辽宁锦州121000

出　　处：《解剖学报》2020年第3期437-441,共5页Acta Anatomica Sinica

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项基金(2015FY111700)。

摘　　要：目的调查新疆察布查尔县锡伯族成人20项容貌形态学特征,探讨其容貌形态特征的成因,为少数民族人类学的基础研究提供数据。方法采用随机抽样的方法确定677名锡伯族成人作为调查对象,对其20项容貌的形态学进行测量和统计学分析。结果从年龄组来看,不同年龄组的锡伯族男性间,差异有统计学意义的指标包括,眼裂倾斜度(χ^2=27.47,P<0.05)、头发形状(χ^2=16.10,P<0.05)和眉弓(χ^2=13.92,P<0.05)等3项;不同年龄组的锡伯族女性间,差异有统计学意义的指标有,美人沟下巴(χ^2=16.56,P<0.05)、眉毛(χ^2=22.62,P<0.05)、鼻孔最大径(χ^2=12.74,P<0.05)、下颌(χ^2=12.64,P<0.05)、眉弓(χ^2=22.00,P<0.05)和鼻背形态(χ^2=50.49,P<0.05)等6项,其他指标差异无统计学意义。从性别来看,锡伯族成人20项容貌形态学体质特征中有8项指标存在性别差异,即:发旋(χ^2=11.68,P<0.05)、前额倾斜度(χ^2=12.99,P<0.05)、眼裂倾斜度(χ^2=27.67,P<0.05)、耳尖(χ^2=19.11,P<0.05)、头发形状(χ^2=87.26,P<0.05)、眉毛(χ^2=30.82,P<0.05)、眉弓(χ^2=33.74,P<0.05)和眼裂高度(χ^2=8.43,P<0.05)等,其他12项指标则不存在性别差异。结论新疆察布查尔县锡伯族成人容貌形态学体质显示了该地区特有的人类学特征,其形成原因可能与遗传、生活环境及生活习惯等多种因素有关。Objective To investigate the 20 facial morphological characteristics of Xibo ethnicity adults in Chabchar in Xinjiang,and to explore the causes of the features,so as to provide basic data for the basic study of minority anthropology.Methods A random sampling method was used to determine 677 Xibo ethnicity adults,and 20 facial morphologyical characteristics was measured and statistically analyzed.Results In terms of age groups,a total of 3 indicators which were opening height of eyeslits(χ^2=27.47,P<0.05),hair shape(χ^2=16.10,P<0.05)and brow ridges(χ^2=13.92,P<0.05)were statistically significant in different age groups among the Xibo males;and a total of 6 indicators which were cleft gap(χ^2=16.56,P<0.05),eyebrow(χ^2=22.62,P<0.05),maximum diameter of nostrils(χ^2=12.74,P<0.05),lower jaw(χ^2=12.64,P<0.05),brow ridges(χ^2=22.00,P<0.05),nasal profile(χ^2=50.49,P<0.05)were statistically significant in different age groups among the Xibo females,other indicators had no statistical significance.From the perspective of gender,a total of 8 indicators which were statistically significant between males and females among the 20 features of the Xibo ethnicity adults,they were hair vortex(χ^2=11.68,P<0.05),frontal slope(χ^2=12.99,P<0.05),direction of eyeslits(χ^2=27.67,P<0.05),ear tip(χ^2=19.11,P<0.05),hair shape(χ^2=87.26,P<0.05),eyebrow(χ^2=30.82,P<0.05),brow ridges(χ^2=33.74,P<0.05),and Opening height of eyeslits(χ^2=8.43,P<0.05),while other 12 indicators have no statistical significance.Conclusion The facial morphological characteristics of the Xibo ethnicity adults in chabchar in Xinjiang showed the unique characteristics of anthropology in the region,and the reasons for those may be related to various factors such as genetic,living environment and habits.

关 键 词：锡伯族 形态学 容貌特征 测量 成人 

分 类 号：R324[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] Q984[医药卫生—基础医学]