基于BESO算法的城市轨道车轮拓扑优化  

Topology Optimization of Urban Rail Wheel Based on BESO Algorithm

作　　者：文永蓬[1] 郑晓明 吴爱中 刘跃杰 WEN Yongpeng;ZHENG Xiaoming;WU Aizhong;LIU Yuejie(School of Urban Railway Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2020年第10期191-199,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11472176,11602144);上海市自然科学基金(15ZR1419200)资助项目。

摘　　要：城市轨道车轮的结构优化大多集中于参数优化,设计空间普遍有一定的局限性。以降低城市轨道车轮辐板处的结构应力为目标,利用双向渐进结构优化算法对直辐板车轮进行拓扑优化建模,提出一种新颖的城市轨道车轮辐板结构。重点针对城市轨道车轮受力最恶劣的曲线工况,对直辐板车轮的设计域进行2D拓扑设计,在满足体积约束条件下,通过对删除率、进化率、增加率进行设定,使体积比经过反复振荡从而达到较好的性能优化指标,提高了城市轨道车轮的应力性能,获得了城市轨道车轮的优秀拓扑结构。通过与成熟有限元软件计算结果对比,优化后的静强度和疲劳强度均满足要求,证明了双向渐进结构优化算法的有效性和可靠性。研究结果表明,双向渐进结构优化算法对城市轨道车轮的优化设计是适用的;优化车轮的辐板形式由直辐板进化为曲辐板,且单元向中间圆弧处靠拢,辐板具有不等厚特征;在不增加车轮重量的前提下,优化车轮在辐板处的最大结构应力降低了17%。所做工作对城市轨道车轮结构应力性能的提升具有重要的参考价值。The structural optimization of urban rail wheels is mostly focused on parameter optimization, and the design space has generally certain limitations. To reduce the structural stress at the plate of urban rail wheels, using bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization algorithm, the topology optimization modeling of straight spoke wheel is carried out. New urban rail wheel plate structure is proposed. The study focuses on the worst-case curve conditions of the urban rail wheels, utilizing 2 D topological design of the design domain of the straight plate wheels. Under the constraint of volume, the volume ratio is repeatedly oscillated to achieve better performance optimization indicators by setting the deletion rate, the evolution rate and the increase rate, the stress performance of urban rail wheel can be improved and obtained an excellent topology of the urban rail wheels. By comparing with the calculation results of mature finite element software, the optimized static strength and fatigue strength meet the requirements. It proved the effectiveness and reliability of the bi-directional evolutionary structure optimization algorithm. The research results show that evolutionary structure optimization algorithm is suitable for the optimization design of urban rail wheels. Optimizing the form of the plate of the wheel from a straight plate to a curved plate, and the elements are close to the middle arc, the web has unequal thickness characteristics;Without increasing the weight of the wheel, optimized the maximum structural stress of the wheel at the plate was reduced by 17%. This research has important reference value for improving the structural stress performance of the urban rail wheels.

关 键 词：城市轨道车轮 拓扑优化 BESO算法 结构应力 直辐板车轮 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]