陕西省‘冬枣’气候优生区区划研究  

Study on the regionalization of optimum areas for‘Dongzao’growing in Shaanxi province

作　　者：韩蓓蓓[1,3] 李东 许伟峰 张颢[2] 马耀绒 尹贞钤 HAN Beibei;LI Dong;XUWeifeng;ZHANG Hao;MAYaorong;YIN Zhenqian(Weinan City Meteorological Bureau,Weinan 714000,Shaanxi,China;Dali County Meteorological Bureau,Dali 715100,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Meteorology for the Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau,Xi’an 710016,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南市气象局,陕西渭南714000 [2]大荔县气象局,陕西大荔715100 [3]秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室,西安710016

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第7期1008-1015,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：渭南市科技帮扶项目(2013KYS-3);陕西省气象局面上项目(2017M-23);秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室开放研究面上项目(2019M-16)。

摘　　要：【目的】进一步掌握陕西省优质‘冬枣’气候优生区的地域分布特征。【方法】采用1981—2018年全省98个国家气象站的日数据资料,结合‘冬枣’生物学特性,选取影响全省‘冬枣’生长发育的关键气候因子作为全省‘冬枣’气候优生区区划因子,采用模糊数学方法建立隶属函数,用层次分析法确定权重,三维二次趋势面法分区建立各区划因子模型,利用GIS绘制优生区区划因子的单因子细网格图层,最后通过模糊综合评价法得出全省‘冬枣’气候优生区区划图,按照优生区、适宜区、次适宜区、不适宜区将全省分为四个区。【结果】‘冬枣’种植的气候优生区和适宜区主要分布在关中中东部大部分地区的平原地带,陕北黄河沿线各县海拔低于900 m的浅山地带,呈径向分布;‘冬枣’种植的气候不适宜区主要分布在陕北的西部各县、陕南秦巴山区及秦岭山脉沿线海拔较高地区。【结论】陕西省‘冬枣’优生区和适宜种植区主要位于渭南市、阎良区、临潼区,长安区、鄠邑区、三原、泾阳、蓝田、周至的北部,府谷、神木、佳县、米脂、绥德、吴堡、清涧等低海拔地区,该区域地势平坦,土地肥沃,气候资源配置优势明显,适宜规模种植,建议在此区优先发展‘冬枣’种植产业。另外,影响此区‘冬枣’生长的主要气象灾害是果实成熟期的连阴雨及秋淋,应重点防御。【Objective】The study aims at clarifying the geographical distribution characteristics of the high-quality‘Dongzao’growing zones in Shaanxi province.【Methods】Based on the daily data with 98 national meteorological stations in the whole province from 1981 to 2018,the biological characteristics of‘Dongzao’were combined with eight key comprehensive climatic factors including negative accumulated temperature,annual maximum temperature,frost-free period,average temperature from March to May,sunshine hours from June to August,precipitation in September,sunshine hours in September,accumulated temperature during the whole growth period,which may influence the growth and development of‘Dongzao’in the whole province,so that they served as the optimum zoning index.The membership function of each region index was established by fuzzy mathematics method and the weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process.In addition,three-dimensional quadratic trend surface method was used to set up the index model for each region(northern Shaanxi,southern Shaanxi and central Shaanxi)and GIS method was used to draw the single-factor sub-grid layer of the whole province’s‘Dongzao’zoning index.Finally,the whole province was divided into four zones including optimum zone,suitable zone sub-suitable zone and unsuitable zone.The optimum climatic zoning map for‘Dongzao’was obtained by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.【Results】The optimum zone and e suitable zone were distributed along the Yellow River in Northern Shaanxi and the middle and eastern parts of Guanzhong area.The annual average temperature in the optimum zone for‘Dongzao’growing was 10-14℃,the average temperature from the blooming to the young fruit set stage was 12-15℃,the frost-free period was 200-220 d and the annual precipitation was 400-600 mm.It was the optimum zone that developed‘Dongzao’industry in Shaanxi province with the aid of well matched water and heat resources,the gentle terrain,fertile soil and good site conditions.Secon

关 键 词：‘冬枣’ 陕西省 优生区 区划 GIS技术 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]