植物病毒来源的小干扰RNA及其在果树病毒研究中的应用  

Small interfering RNA derived from the plant virus and its application in researches on fruit tree viruses

作　　者：陈玲 段续伟 张晓明 闫国华 王晶 周宇 张开春 CHEN Ling;DUAN Xuwei;ZHANG Xiaoming;YAN Guohua;WANG Jing;ZHOU Yu;ZHANG Kaichun(Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市林业果树科学研究院·农业农村部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室·北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心,北京100093

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第7期1080-1088,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：北京市博士后工作经费资助项目(2017ZZ090);北京市农林科学院协同创新专项(KJCX201907-2、KJCX201910);北京市农林科学院博士后基金。

摘　　要：RNA沉默是植物中重要的抗病毒机制之一。病毒侵染后,寄主细胞中产生大量病毒来源的小干扰RNA(virus-derived small interfering RNA,vsiRNA),vsiRNA装载到寄主ARGONAUTE(AGO)蛋白中形成RNA诱导的沉默复合体(RNA-induced silencing complex,RISC)靶向病毒基因组,发挥抗病毒作用。近年来,科学家们通过对拟南芥的遗传分析和多种植物vsiRNA的高通量测序,揭示了vsiRNA的起源和生物合成过程。本文综述了vsiRNA的研究现状及其在果树病毒研究中的应用,为果树病毒研究及病毒病防控提供一定的思路和借鉴。Fruit crops belong to perennial woody plants,which may carry viruses during lifetime once they are infected.Fruit tree-infecting viruses accumulate year by year,resulting in reduced tree vigor,fruit yield and quality,and even leading to tree death.Fruit tree virus has a wide host range and multiple transmission pathways,and its spread is accelerated with the frequent transfer of plant stocks.Moreover,fruit tree is usually simultaneously infected with multiple virus species,and the symptom is latent or not easy to be observed.Various differential hosts are usually required to distinguish fruit tree viruses that mostly lack the corresponding herbaceous host.Besides,the amounts of virus in woody plants are small,unevenly distributed,and have seasonal differences.For these reasons,the theoretical and technological researches on fruit tree viruses is relatively backward.However,deep sequencing of small RNA has been successfully applied to the identification of fruit tree virus and the use of hairpin structure to express specific virus double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)for fruit trees to obtain antiviral sources has been studied.In this paper,the mechanism of RNA silencing,the origin of vsiRNA and its biosynthesis process are summarized,which emphatically elaborates the application of vsiRNA in the studies on fruit tree virus,so as to provide ideas and methods for the identification of fruit tree viruses,to acquire fruit tree antiviral resources and to cultivate virus-free stocks.RNA silencing,also known as RNA interfer-ence(RNAi),has been demonstrated as a conserved antiviral mechanism in plants.In plants,RNAi is activated by dsRNA,which is recognized by Dicer-like(DCL)proteins and cleaved into 21-24 nt small RNA.These small RNAs are loaded into RNA-induced silencing complex(RISC)containing ARGONAUTE(AGO)protein for post-transcriptional gene and transcriptional gene silencing.The gene silencing elements of host plants can recognize the dsRNA formed during the process of virus infection and then produce 21-24 nt small RNA,whic

关 键 词：果树病毒 病毒来源的小RNA(vsiRNA) RNA沉默 vsiRNA应用 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]