美国储气调峰体系现状及其对中国的启示  

Current situation of gas storage and peak regulation system in the United States and its enlightenments

作　　者：任晓光[1] 粟科华[2] 刘建勋 李鹏[3] 李伟[2] 陶冰星 寇忠 REN Xiaoguang;SU Kehua;LIU Jianxun;LI Peng;LI Wei;TAO Bingxing;KOU Zhong(Sinopec International Petroleum Exploration and Production Corporation;Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute;Sinopec Qingdao LNG Co.,Ltd.;China University of Petroleum-Beijing)

机构地区：[1]中国石化集团国际石油勘探开发有限公司 [2]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院 [3]中国石化青岛液化天然气有限责任公司 [4]中国石油大学(北京)

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2020年第6期33-40,共8页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：美国已经建立起地下储气库、LNG调峰设施、双燃料用户多元合一的储气调峰体系,不仅满足了季节和短期调峰的需求,还衍生出多样化的服务类型,提升了储气调峰设施收益,也显著增加了市场的活跃程度。美国储气调峰体系高度重视监管,调峰手段多元,市场配置资源,配套制度完善。经过多年的建设,中国储气调峰体系在政策制定、市场化推进和建设主体多元化方面取得了显著进步,但仍存在着调峰能力不足、商务模式不明确和配套细则不落地的问题。为进一步完善中国储气调峰体系,提高天然气供应安全程度,还需要进一步完善能源法律体系建设,明确监管机构职责和协调机制,加强协调与惩戒;进一步完善储气调峰设施运营机制,包括出台设施运营实施细则和完善上下游气价联动机制;进一步培育储气设施经营的宏观和微观环境,包括落实基础设施的公平准入、建立多样化服务体系、推行标准化服务合同。The United States has established a peak-shaving system including underground gas storage,LNG peak shaving facilities,and gas-oil switching user,which not only meets the needs of seasonal and short-term peak shaving,but also derives a variety of service types and significantly increases profit and the degree of market activity.The characteristics of the US peak shaving system are mainly manifested in the four aspects of attaching great importance to supervision,diversified peak shaving means,market allocation of resources and the improvement of supporting systems.After years of construction,China’s gas storage and peak shaving system has made significant progress in policy formulation,marketization promotion,and diversification of construction subjects.However,there are still such problems as insufficient peak shaving capacity,unclear business models,and incomplete supporting details.In order to further improve China’s gas storage peaking system and boost the safety of natural gas supply,it is necessary to further improve the construction of the energy legal system,clarify the responsibilities and coordination mechanisms of regulatory agencies on the basis of legislation,strengthen coordination and discipline;further complete gas storage peak facility operation mechanism,including the introduction of facility operation implementation rules and improvement of the upstream and downstream gas price linkage mechanism;further cultivate the macro and micro environment for the operation of gas storage facilities including the implementation of fair access to infrastructure and the establishment of a diversified service system and the implementation of standardized services contract.

关 键 词：美国 调峰 储气库 LNG调峰设施 双燃料用户 监管 价格 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]