社区山洪灾害防控“八爪鱼”分散决策机制研究  

Research on“Octopus”Decentralized Decision-making Mechanism for Risk Management of Flash Torrents in Communities

作　　者：雷声[1] 何秉顺[2] LEI Sheng;He Bingshun(Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学研究院,江西南昌330029 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《灾害学》2020年第3期8-12,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：江西省水利科技支撑课题(KT201511);江西省重点研发计划-重点项目(20161BBG70088)。

摘　　要：山洪灾害是自然灾害致人伤亡最为严重的灾种之一,由于多发生于偏远山区和突发迅速的特点,需要受灾的社区第一时间主动应对、防灾避险。该文在凝练多年来多地山洪灾害防御实践的基础上,提出了社区山洪灾害风险管理"八爪鱼"分散决策机制,进一步创建了易为社区群众认知和理解的基层决策"领头羊"、上下联动"同频共振"、前沿感知"放哨员"、就近处置"领航员"、抢险救援"钢绞线"等基本要件,丰富和发展了社区韧性防灾减灾理论。Flash flood disaster is one of the most serious natural disasters that cause human casualties.Because of its characteristics of frequent occurrence in remote mountainous areas and rapid emergency,the affected communities need to take the initiative to deal with and prevent disasters and avoid risks in the first time.Based on the practice of flash flood prevention in many areas for many years,we put forward the decentralized decision-making mechanism of“octopus”in community mountain flood risk management,It includes five elements of grass-roots decision-making,up-down linkage,forward perception,near disposal and emergency support,enriched and developed the theory of community resilience disaster prevention and reduction.

关 键 词：“八爪鱼”行为体系 分散决策 山洪灾害 风险管理 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5