烟草温光特性研究与利用:Ⅱ.气象因素对山东主栽烤烟品种生长发育及产质量的影响  

Investigation and Utilization of Temperature and Light Characteristics of Tobacco:Ⅱ.Effects of Meteorological Factors on Growth,Development,Yield and Quality of Main Varieties in Shandong Tobacco-growing Areas

作　　者：孙延国[1] 马兴华[1] 姜滨 黄择祥 王德权[3] 宗浩 陈晓雷 梁晓芳[1] 石屹[1] SUN Yanguo;MA Xinghua;JIANG Bin;HUANG Zexiang;WANG Dequan;ZONG Hao;CHEN Xiaolei;LIANG Xiaofang;SHI Yi(Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266101,China;Shandong Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation,Jinan 250101,China;Shandong Weifang Tobacco Limited Company,Weifang,Shandong 261061,China;Shandong Linyi Tobacco Limited Company,Linyi,Shandong 276001,China;Shandong Rizhao Tobacco Limited Company,Rizhao,Shandong 276826,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,青岛266101 [2]中国烟草总公司山东省公司,济南250101 [3]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261061 [4]山东临沂烟草有限公司,山东临沂276001 [5]山东日照烟草有限公司,山东日照276826

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2020年第3期44-52,共9页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司山东省公司重点项目“山东‘中棵烟’特征及形成机制研究”(201803);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费项目“温度对烟草叶片细胞壁建成的影响机理”(1610232017008);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC03)。

摘　　要：为明确山东烟叶生产限制气象因子,优化气候资源配置,以主栽品种NC55、NC102和ZY100为材料,连续多年设置不同移栽期试验,研究气象因素与烟草生长发育和产量品质的关系。结果表明,移栽期对山东烟草农艺、经济性状有一定影响,对烟叶质量有显著影响;随移栽期推迟,部分试验叶宽增大,产量和产值表现先增后减趋势,大部分试验总植物碱含量显著下降,还原糖、总糖含量和糖碱比呈上升趋势,感官评吸质量呈现先升后降趋势。各气象因素与烟叶质量关联度顺序依次为日平均气温、日照时数、降水量。构建的基于温度的山东烟叶质量评价回归方程表明,NC55、NC102和ZY100在伸根期适宜平均气温分别为21.25~22.86℃、21.53~22.68℃、20.81~23.22℃,成熟后期适宜平均气温为23.67~24.54℃、24.32~24.83℃、22.03~24.42℃,结合山东省气温实际情况,NC55、NC102和ZY100适宜移栽期分别为5月5-19日、5月7-16日、5月1-25日。In order to study the relationship between meteorological factors and growth,yield and quality of tobacco,and to clarify the limiting meteorological factors for tobacco leaf production and optimize the allocation of climate resources in Shandong,a series of experiments with different transplanting date treatments using main varieties including NC55,NC102 and ZY100 were conducted in multiple years.The results showed that transplanting date had certain influence on the agronomic and economic traits of tobacco and had significant effects on tobacco leaf quality.As the transplanting date being delayed,the leaf width in some experiments increased,the yield and output value of some experiments increased first and decreased afterwards,the total plant alkali content decreased significantly,the content of reducing sugar and total sugar,and the ratio of sugar to alkali increased,the quality sensory evaluation of tobacco leaves increased first and then decreased.The order of correlation between meteorological factors and tobacco leaf quality was daily average temperature>average sunshine hours>average precipitation.Regression equations for quality assessment of Shandong tobacco based on average temperature were constructed,and the temperature conditions required for the production of high-quality tobacco leaves for each variety were calculated,the results of which indicated that the suitable average temperature for NC55,NC102 and ZY100 were 21.25-22.86℃,21.53-22.68℃and 20.81-23.22℃during root spreading period,23.67-24.54℃,24.32-24.83℃and 22.03-24.42℃during late maturity period,respectively,and the inferred suitable transplanting dates for the three varieties was May 5 to 19,May 7 to 16 and May 1 to 25,respectively.

关 键 词：移栽期 烤烟 产量 质量 平均温度 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]