矿山开采产生的主要环境问题与防控手段分析  

The main environmental problems in ore mining and its prevention and control measures

作　　者：李昌明 常国华 李开明 台喜生 李昂 孙海丽 徐世健[3] 高天鹏 Li Changming;Chang Guohua;Li Kaiming;Tai Xisheng;Li Ang;Sun Haili;Xu Shijian;Gao Tianpeng(College of Geography and Environmental Engineering,Lanzhou City University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China;College of Biology and Environmental Engineering,Xi’an University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710000,China;College of Life Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China;Gansu Mining Area Pollution Control and Ecological Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州城市学院地理与环境工程学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]西安文理学院生物与环境工程学院,陕西西安710000 [3]兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]甘肃省矿区污染治理与生态修复工程研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《环境与发展》2020年第6期207-210,共4页Environment & Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860176);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(No.811218255018);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2018B-062);国家自然科学基金项目(31460162);陕西省重点研发计划(2020ZDLSF06-06)。

摘　　要：我国矿山开采历史久远,为国民生产提供了大量的物质矿产资源,但是随着开采日益增长,所引发的环境问题也随之加重。本文根据大量调查资料综合分析,发现目前矿山开采过程中主要引发的环境问题有以下三类:(1)地质环境问题,例如地表塌陷、滑坡、泥石流;(2)资源环境问题,例如对水系、大气、土壤和景观资源的污染;(3)生态环境问题,例如污染物在食物链中的传递富集、生态系统各个界面的地球化学迁移。本文在总结上述三类环境问题的同时,提出了相应的预防、控制措施,以便在明确矿山环境问题诱发因素的同时,发掘精准的污染治理研究方向,保障产业经济绿色可持续发展。China has a long history of mining,which provides a large amount of mineral resources for national production.Based on a comprehensive analysis of a large number of survey data,this paper found that there are three main types of environmental problems caused by mining.(1)Geological environment problems,such as surface collapse,landslide and debris flow.(2)Resource and environmental issues,such as pollution of water system,atmosphere,soil and landscape resources.(3)Ecological and environmental problems,such as the transfer and accumulation of pollutants in the food chain,and geochemical migration at various interfaces of the ecosystem.While summarizing the three types of environmental problems mentioned above,this paper puts forward the corresponding prevention and control measures.So as to identify the causes of environmental problems in mines and explore the precise research direction of pollution control,that ensured the green and sustainable development of industrial economy.

关 键 词：矿山开采 资源环境 地质环境 生态环境 环境修复 可持续发展 

分 类 号：X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程]