不同低温推进剂的泄漏扩散特性及安全性分析  

Dispersion features and safety analysis after leakage of different low-temperature propellants

作　　者：唐鑫 邵翔宇 雷刚 陈强 蒲亮[1,2] Tang Xin;Shao Xiangyu;Lei Gang;Chen Qiang;Pu Liang(School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants, Beijing 100028, China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室,北京100028

出　　处：《低温工程》2020年第3期69-74,共6页Cryogenics

基　　金：航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室基金(SKLTSCP1809)。

摘　　要：针对航天推进剂在实际生产应用中可能因泄漏导致的安全性问题,运用数值模拟分析了低温液态工质泄漏后的传热传质过程,考虑气液相间速度滑移和体积力的影响,对比研究了流量为0.07 kg/s的情况下泄放100 s的过程中,液氢/液态甲烷/液氧的扩散形态变化及其危害范围。结果表明,泄漏10 s左右时,扩散至平衡状态,云团形态基本维持不变;100 s停止泄放后,云团不断收缩变小,氢气、甲烷和氧气4%体积浓度的云团消失时间分别为107 s、104 s和107 s。在扩散远场,氢气向上浮羽角度为18°,远大于甲烷的6°,而氧气始终在近地表扩散。氢气的燃爆伤害远远高于甲烷,燃爆体积分别为74.74 m3和0.53 m3;氢气的低温伤害体积最大,为2.33 m3,而氧气对地表的低温伤害范围最广,为3.64 m2。Aiming at the safety problem caused by leakage in the production application of low-temperature liquid aerospace propellants,the numerical simulation study is carried out to analyze the heat and mass transfer process.The velocity slip between the gas and liquid phases,influence of the body force are considered.The release duration time of liquid hydrogen/methane/oxygen is 100 s at a flow rate of 0.07 kg/s.The dispersion characteristics of hydrogen/methane/oxygen vapor clouds and its harmful ranges are contrasted and analyzed.The results show that the cloud reaches a quasi-steady state,and the cloud shape remains unchanged.After 100 s stop releasing,the cloud shrinks,and the disappearance time of cloud with 4%volume fraction of hydrogen,methane and oxygen is 107 s,104 s and 107 s,respectively.In the far field,the upward float angle of hydrogen cloud is 18°,which is much larger than 6°of methane cloud,while oxygen always spreads on the ground.The explosion damage of hydrogen is much higher than that of methane,and the explosion volume is 74.74 m3 and 0.53 m3 respectively.Hydrogen has the largest cryogenic damage volum(2.33 m3)while oxygen damage has the most extensive cryogenic to the ground(3.64 m2).

关 键 词：推进剂 两相流 泄漏 扩散 安全 

分 类 号：V511.6[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TB663[一般工业技术—制冷工程]