从出土石牌铭文“朱绶”看西朱村曹魏大墓等级  

Grade Analysis of the Cao Wei Dynasty Tomb in Xizhu Village from the Inscription “Zhushou” on Unearthed Stone Tablet

作　　者：时军军 Shi Junjun

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2020年第5期27-36,共10页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：洛阳西朱村大墓中出土大量石牌铭文,其中"朱绶"一词尤其值得重视。绶即绶带,其在汉魏时期是区分官员身份等级的重要标识。曹魏百官绶带主色大致遵循赤、绿、紫、青、黑、黄的排序。就朱绶而言,从汉至魏适用范围皆为诸侯王,尤其是宗室诸王。女性方面,主要适用于皇后与淑妃之间的后宫女眷及长公主。其余人除非恩赐不得佩戴。结合西朱村大墓出土的实物圭和石牌铭文"玄三纁二""平上黑帻""黑介帻""武冠""袿袍""蔽结""云母犊车"等物品的适用情况,以及配套物品"自副"的现象,可以看出该墓等级为诸侯王级别。从墓中男女用品皆备的现象,推测该墓可能为某曹魏宗室诸侯王夫妇的合葬墓。A large number of stone tablets with inscriptions were unearthed from the tomb of Xizhu Village in Luoyang. The inscription "Zhu Shou"(red ribbon) is considered of significant research value. Officials in the Han and Wei Dynasties wear different colors to distinguish their ranks. The main colors of the ribbons in the Wei Dynasty roughly follow the order of red, green, purple, cyan, black and yellow. Through the entire period from the Han Dynasty to the Wei Dynasty, red was conferred to vassal kings, especially to directly-related members of the royal clan. For women, "Zhu Shou" signified the status of top five imperial concubines or the eldest princess. No one else can wear it unless specially gifted by the emperor. Through analysis of other inscriptions such as "Xuan San Xun Er", "Ping Shang Hei Ze", "Hei Jie Ze", "Wu Guan", "Gui Pao", "Bi Jie", "Yun Mu Du Che" on the unearthed jade and stone tablets and the duplicates of matching funerary articles, it can be inferred that the tomb in Xizhu Village is of vassal king grade. And the presence of both male and female funerary items suggests the tomb is a joint one of a couple.

关 键 词：朱绶 曹魏墓葬 西朱村 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]