某棒线厂工人噪声性听力损失及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of noise-inducedhearing lossand its influencing factors among workers in a rod and wire factory

作　　者：覃剑丁 杨莉[1] 谭超[1] Qin Jianding;Yang Li;Tan Chao(School of Public Health,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学公共卫生学院,南宁530021

出　　处：《广西医科大学学报》2020年第6期1177-1180,共4页Journal of Guangxi Medical University

摘　　要：目的:探究职业性噪声听力损失的影响因素,为企业科学开展噪声职业病防治监管工作提供科学依据。方法:收集某棒线厂2018年704例接触噪声危害工人的职业健康体检结果和生产现场噪声强度监测结果,采用Logistic回归模型分析噪声强度、接触工龄、工种、高温与听力损失之间的关系。结果:704例工人中,噪声接触工龄1~38年,平均(9.63±8.323)年,单纯接触噪声者483例(68.6%),同时接触噪声和高温者221例(31.4%),检出听力损伤者272例(38.6%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,男性更容易发生听力损伤(OR=0.134,95%CI:0.050~0.361,P<0.001);随着接害工龄的增长,听力损伤的风险也在增加(P<0.001);相较岗位噪声强度80 dB(A)以下组,90.1 dB(A)以上组的工人更容易发生听力损伤(OR=1.871,95%CI:1.194~2.933,P<0.05)。结论:高强度噪声和长时间的接触,是引起工人听力损伤的重要因素。企业应加强工艺改革,降低生产现场噪声强度,加强工人个人防护,合理安排工作制度,减少接触时间以降低噪声对工人的危害。Objective:To explore the influencing factors of occupational noise hearing loss,and to provide scientific basis for enterprises to scientifically carry out the prevention and supervision of noise occupational diseases.Methods:The occupational health examination results of 704 workers who exposed to noise in rod and wirefactoryand on-site noise intensity monitoring results in 2018 were collected.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between noise intensity,length of exposure,type of work,high temperature,and hearing loss.Results:Among the 704 workers,the length of noise exposure ranged from 1 to 38 years,with an average of(9.63±8.323)years;483(68.6%)workers were simply exposed to noise,221(31.4%)workerswere exposed to noise and high temperature at the same time,and 272(38.6%)workers were diagnosed with hearing loss.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that men were more likely to have hearing loss(OR=0.134,95%CI:0.050-0.361,P<0.001),and the risk of hearing loss increased with the length of exposure(P<0.001).Compared with the workers in the groupwith noise intensity less than 80 dB(A),the workers in the group with noise intensity above 90.1 dB(A)were more likely to have hearing loss(OR=1.871,95%CI 1.194-2.933,P<0.05).Conclusion:High-intensity noise and long-term exposure are important factors leading to hearing loss of workers.Enterprises should strengthen the process reform,reduce the noise intensity in the production site,strengthen the personal protection of workers,reasonably arrange the working system,and reduce the exposure time in order to reduce the harm of noise to workers.

关 键 词：噪声作业 噪声强度 职业健康检查 听力损伤 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]