五德终始说下的祭祖神礼——道武帝所立祖神考  

Sacrificing to Ancestral Spirit and Transmutation of Five Virtues:A Textual Research into Ancestral Sacrifice in Reign of Emperor Daowu

作　　者：赵永磊 ZHAO Yong-lei

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,100872

出　　处：《史林》2020年第2期37-46,219,共11页Historical Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国传统礼仪文化通史研究”(编号:18ZDA021)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在胡汉文化碰撞、融合过程中,道武帝开国之初所立祖神,并非指祭先祖,而是祭祀黄帝之子累祖。祭祖神礼虽非始于两汉,而北魏祭祖神礼远祧两汉新制,故而与先秦礼书所载祭道神具体仪节有异。在五德终始说的影响下,祖腊时日与五行相比附,也多为两汉以降王朝所采用。北魏五德历运历经由土德到水德的变更,而所用祖腊时日对汉魏故事略有更定。行神与祖神在国家祭祀中并不同时并存,祖腊时日在隋唐文献中虽仍不乏其说,但由于隋唐祭行神礼的恢复,从而导致祭祖神礼在隋唐以后的国家祭祀中逐渐消失。Due to the interaction of Chinese and non-Chinese cultures,Daowu,the founding emperor of the Northern Wei,did not sacrifice to the ancestral spirit but to the son of Yellow Emperor.Emperor Daowu’s practice was inspired by Han’s institutions.Influenced by the theory about transmutation of five virtues,the date of sacrificing to ancestral spirit was arranged in the light of Five Elements.

关 键 词：北魏 五德历运 祖神 祖腊时日 汉魏故事 

分 类 号：K239.21[历史地理—历史学]