徽州传统村落景观基因识别体系及其特征研究——以安徽宏村为例  

Research on Huizhou Traditional Village Landscape Gene Identification System and Its Characteristics: Take Anhui Hongcun as an Example

作　　者：王苏宇 陈晓刚[1,2] 林辉[1,2] WANG Suyu;CHEN Xiaogang;LIN Hui

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学城市建设学院,江西南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学地景设计中心,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2020年第5期I0013-I0017,I0036,共6页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：江西教育厅研究生创新基金项目“徽州传统村落景观基因图谱构建与传承保护研究——以宏村为例”(编号:YC2019-S126);江西省教育厅人文社会一般项目“江西古民居门楼砖雕艺术审美研究”(YS18126)。

摘　　要：景观基因理论源自生物学"基因"的概念,分析传统聚落文化景观的内在机制与外在表达的新型方法,其景观基因作为区别各类型特征的要素,对物质形态(二维)及时空条件下演变成因(三维)的强调,在一定程度上有助于研究徽州传统村落景观的规律特点。参照该理论的研究方法,分别对徽州传统村落的场所环境、文化背景、空间布局、徽派建筑及细部装饰等方面进行解析,提出环境基因、文化基因、布局基因、建筑基因及装饰基因5大要素体系25项识别指标,从而构成徽州传统村落景观基因体系,并以安徽宏村为例检验其科学性。研究表明:宏村景观特征分为规划层面的多层次内聚型"牛形"结构古村落及设计层面的中轴对称的"天井+合院"式多进建筑,且内部装饰精美且富有特色。the theory of landscape genes derived from the concept of"gene"in biology,analysis of traditional settlements cultural landscape of the internal mechanism and external expression of the new method,as the difference between each type gene characteristics of the landscape elements,the physical form(2 d)and the space-time evolution causes(3 d)under the condition of stress,to a certain extent,help to study the law of huizhou traditional settlement landscape features.Respectively in this paper,with reference to the theory of research method,to the place of huizhou traditional villages environment,cultural background,space layout,has been gloriously enrolled architecture and detail,put forward environment gene,cultural genes,layout,construction and decoration gene system 25 items identification index,the five key elements to constitute a system of huizhou traditional settlement landscape gene,as a case study of anhui hong cun test its scientific nature,research has shown that ancient landscape characteristics can be divided into planning level through multi-level cohesion type"cow"in the structure and design aspects of the ancient villages of axisymmetric"patio and courtyard"type into the building,and interior decoration elegant and distinctive.

关 键 词：景观基因 徽州传统村落 识别体系 景观特征 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]