面向脉冲星导航的聚焦型X射线探测器测试标定方法研究  

Research on the Test and Calibration Method of a Focusing X-ray Detector for Pulsar Navigation

作　　者：周庆勇 魏子卿[2,3] 姜坤 刘思伟[2,3] 郑伟[5] 史钰锋 王奕迪[5] 杨彦佶[7] 胡慧君 金东东[6] 宋娟[6] 孙鹏飞 宋昊磊 ZHOU Qing-yong;WEI Zi-qing;JIANG Kun;LIU Si-wei;ZHENG Wei;SHI Yu-feng;WANG Yi-di;YANG Yan-ji;HU Hui-jun;JIN Dong-dong;SONG Juan;SUN Peng-fei;SONG Hao-lei(Geographic Spatial Information Institute,Information Engineering University,Zhengzhou 450052,China;State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering,Xi′an 710054,China;Xi′an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Xi′an 710054,China;Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China;College of Aerospace and Material Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;Shangdong Aerospace Electro-Technology Institute,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China;Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Geological Engineering and Surveying,Changan University,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,郑州450052 [2]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,西安710054 [3]西安测绘研究所,西安 [4]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [5]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073 [6]山东航天电子技术研究所,山东烟台264003 [7]中科院高能物理研究所,北京100049 [8]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054

出　　处：《光子学报》2020年第6期21-33,共13页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41574013),地理信息工程国家重点实验室开放研究基金(No.SKLGIE2018-ZZ-3)。

摘　　要：通过脉冲星辐射信号特征研究和空间观测需求分析,提出了一种面向导航应用的X射线探测器测试方法.首先推导了X射线光子欠探测概率公式,分析了不同星源流量及不同探测器时间分辨率下对光子探测能力的影响.通过数值模拟方法建立了脉冲到达时间与脉冲轮廓相似度的关系.处理了我国硬X射线调制望远镜的Crab脉冲星观测数据,研究了不同能段脉冲轮廓差异.其次,系统地研究了面向导航应用的X射线探测器测试及处理方法,并利用地面测试系统完成了一款自主研发的聚焦型X射线探测器测试工作.通过数据分析得到,聚焦型探测器本底噪声为3.63×10^-5ph/(cm^2·s^-1),工作能区为0.2~22.7keV,时间分辨率为4.17μs,空间响应约为5′,能量非线性为0.52%,能量分辨率优于200eV@5.7keV,典型探测效率为39.18%@4.51keV.聚焦型X射线探测器在弱脉冲信号及强背景噪声下,均能还原出Crab脉冲星脉冲轮廓,在2 400s内能够探测到辐射流量弱于背景噪声10倍的脉冲信号.结果表明,该款聚焦型探测器性能优秀,能够满足导航脉冲星(如PSR B1509)的空间观测需求,也验证了测试方法的可行性.A testing method for X-ray detector is proposed through the study of the characteristics of pulsar radiation signals and the analysis of space observation requirements.Firstly,based on the photon radiation model,the probability formula of X-ray photon under detection is deduced,and the influences of different source flux and different detector time resolution on photon detection ability are analyzed.The relationship between pulse arrival time and the similarity of pulse profile is established by numerical simulations.And the observations of the crab pulsar of hard X-ray modulation telescope is processed,the pulse profile characteristics of the Crab pulsar at different energy are studied.Secondly,the testing and processing methods of X-ray detector for pulsar navigation are studied systematically,and the testing work of a self-developed focused X-ray detector is completed by using the ground testing system.The test results show that the background noise of the focused detector is 3.63×10^-5 ph/(cm^2·s^-1),the working energy range is 0.2~22.7 keV,the time resolution is 4.17μs,and the spatial response is about 5′.The energy linearity of the detector is good,the integral nonlinearity is 0.52%.The energy resolution of the detector is better than 200 eV at five characteristic energy spectra,and the best detection efficiency is 39.18%@4.51 keV.Under the condition of weak pulse signal and strong background noise,the detector can accurately restore the pulse profile of Crab pulsar.The signal-to-noise ratio and similarity of the pulse profile increase with the increase of pulse flow and the decrease of background noise.The detector can detect the pulse signal whose radiation flux is 10 times less than the background noise in 2400 s.The results show that the focused detector has excellent performance and can meet the space observation requirements of navigation pulsars(eg.PSR B1509),so the feasibility of the testing method is also verified.

关 键 词：X射线光学 脉冲星导航 性能标定 聚焦型探测器 能量分辨率 探测效率 时间分辨率 脉冲到达时间 

分 类 号：TL816.1[核科学技术—核技术及应用]