软硬链段添加碳纳米管/炭黑对聚氨酯纳米纤维性能的影响  

Effect of carbon nanotubes/carbon black dispersed in soft and hard chain segment of polyurethane on the properties of polyurethane nanofibers

作　　者：孙静怡 黄锋林 薛丽媛[1,2] 李柱泉 海文清 SUN Jingyi;HUANG Fenglin;XUE Liyuan;LI Zhuquan;HAI Wenqing(College of Textile Science and Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of E co-Tex tile Ministry of Education,Jiangnan University,IVuxi 214122,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江苏无锡214122 [2]江南大学生态纺织教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《精细化工》2020年第6期1184-1192,共9页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(BE2017060);中国博士后特别资助基金(169493)。

摘　　要：以聚丙二醇(PPG 2000)和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50)为原料,利用预聚法合成聚氨酯(PU)。在预聚过程中加入碳纳米管(CNT),合成碳纳米管/聚氨酯(CNT/PU);在扩链过程中加入炭黑(CB),合成炭黑/聚氨酯(CB/PU)。结合静电纺丝制备CNT/PU、CB/PU纳米纤维。采用SEM、TEM、FTIR、DSC、XRD对两种纳米纤维的结构进行了表征,对纳米纤维膜的电性能、力学性能及传感性能进行了测试。结果表明,由于CNT/CB在聚氨酯软硬链段的选择性嵌入,聚氨酯纳米纤维的微相分离程度分别增大/减小;相对纯PU纳米纤维膜,CNT/PU纳米纤维膜的断裂伸长率降低,CB/PU纳米纤维膜的断裂强度提高。导电填料(CNT、CB)的含量以聚氨酯的质量(PPG 2000、MDI-50和无水乙二胺的总质量)为基准,当CNT的含量为6.0%时,CNT/PU纤维膜的电阻率为1.22Ω·m,传感系数GF为45.64(拉伸应变在80%~120%);当CB含量为12.5%时,CB/PU纤维膜的电阻率为0.14Ω·m,传感系数GF为167.43(拉伸应变在80%~120%)。Polyurethane(PU)was synthesized from polypropylene glycol(PPG 2000)and diphenylmethanediisocyanate(MDI-50)by prepolymerization method.Carbon nanotubes/polyurethane(CNT/PU)was obtained by adding carbon nanotubes in the prepolymerization process,while carbon black/polyurethane(CB/PU)was obtained by adding carbon black in the process of chain extension.Then,CNT/PU nanofiber and CB/PU nanofiber were obtained by electrospinning technique.Two nanofibers were characterized by SEM,TEM,FTIR,DSC and XRD.The electrical,mechanical and sensing properties of nanofiber membranes were tested.The results showed that the degree of microphase separation of the prepared polyurethane nanofibers increased/decreased due to the selective embedding of CNT/CB in the soft and hard segments of polyurethane.Compared with that of pure PU nanofiber membrane,the elongation at break of CNT/PU nanofiber membrane decreased,and the breaking strength of CB/PU nanofiber membrane increased.Herein,the content of conductive filler(CNT,CB)was based on the mass of polyurethane(total mass of PPG 2000,MDI-50 and anhydrous ethylenediamine).When the content of CNT was 6.0%,the prepared CNT/PU nanofiber membrane had a resistivity of 1.22Ω·m and sensing coefficient(GF)of 45.64(tensile strain in 80%~120%).While the content of CB was 12.5%,the resistivity and GF of the prepared CB/PU nanofiber membrane were 0.14Ω·m and 167.43(tensile strain in 80%~120%),respectively.

关 键 词：碳纳米管 炭黑 选择性嵌入 微相分离 力学性能 传感性能 功能材料 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TQ342[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]