设施甜椒种植区土壤肥力现状评价——以福建省诏安县为例  

Soil Fertility Evaluation in Facility Cultivation of Sweet Pepper:a Case Study on Zhao’an,Fujian

作　　者：孟祥明 吴良泉[1,2] 刘玮[3] 颜晓军 张思文 许炜东 沈吉昌 郑朝元[1,2] MENG Xiang-ming;WU Liang-quan;LIU Wei;YAN Xiao-jun;ZHANG Si-wen;XU Wei-dong;SHEN Ji-chang;ZHENG Chao-yuan(College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Zhao’an County,Zhao’an,Fujian 363500,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学国际镁营养研究所,福建福州350002 [3]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [4]福建省诏安县农业农村局,福建诏安363500

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2020年第3期458-467,共10页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601244);国际镁营养研究所开放基金(IMI2018-09);福建省教育厅中青年项目(JAT160174)。

摘　　要：【目的】以福建省诏安县设施甜椒种植土壤为研究对象,分析并评价土壤养分肥力现状,为建立诏安县设施甜椒合理施肥模式和土壤养分肥力评价体系提供科学依据。【方法】2017年,以土壤调查的方式,采集诏安县设施甜椒主要种植区0~20 cm、20~40 cm两个层次的土壤样本共234个,测试分析大量和中微量元素的养分含量,以全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准为依据,采用主成分分析方法,综合评价诏安县设施甜椒主要种植区的土壤肥力质量现状。【结果】诏安县设施甜椒主要种植区土壤养分含量较为丰富,表层(0~20 cm)土壤养分含量高于下层(20~40 cm)。表层土壤各养分含量分别是:有机质18.5 g/kg、碱解氮112.0 mg/kg、速效磷96.3 mg/kg、速效钾248.2 mg/kg、有效钙1224.4 mg/kg、有效镁105.7 mg/kg、有效铁294.1 mg/kg、有效锰30.8 mg/kg、有效铜2.0 mg/kg、有效锌9.1 mg/kg。不同乡镇表层土壤有效磷、速效钾、有效钙、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌含量均较丰富,仅土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效镁含量较低。主成分分析结果表明,不同乡镇间土壤肥力由高到低依次为:金星乡、梅岭镇、白洋乡、桥东镇、深桥镇、梅州乡、四都镇和西潭镇。【结论】诏安县设施甜椒主产区土壤养分分布不均衡,生产上应适当提高有机肥用量,合理增施镁肥,通过土壤养分综合管理,实现产业的可持续发展。[Objective]The soil fertility status in facility cultivation of sweet pepper in Zhao’an was evaluated in order to provide a scientific basis for establishing reasonable fertilization model and soil fertility evaluation system in sweet pepper planting areas.[Method]234 soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depths in the main planting areas in Zhao’an in 2017,and then the macro-and micro-elements were analyzed.The soil nutrients were graded based on the evaluation standards of the Second National Soil Survey.[Re⁃sult]A high nutrient content of facility soil was observed in the main planting area of sweet pepper.Compared with 20-40 cm soil layer,the nutrient content of 0-20 cm soil layer was higher.Each nutrient content of the topsoil was as follows:18.5 g/kg soil organic matter,112.0 mg/kg alkaline nitrogen,96.3 mg/kg available phosphorus,248.2 mg/kg available potassium,1224.4 mg/kg available calcium,105.7 mg/kg available magnesium,294.1 mg/kg available iron,30.8 mg/kg available manganese,2.0 mg/kg available copper,and 9.1 mg/kg available zinc.The topsoil(0-20 cm)of all townships was rich in available phosphorus,available potassium,available calcium,available iron,available manganese,available copper,and available zinc.The contents of soil organic matter,alkaline nitrogen and available magnesium were low in all townships.Based on principal component analysis,the soil fertility of all townships was as follows:Jinxing Town>Meiling Town>Baiyang Town>Qiaodong Town>Shenqiao Town>Meizhou Town>Sidu Town>Xitan Town.[Conclusion]In conclusion,the soil nutrient distribution in sweet pepper planting areas in Zhao’an was unbalanced.Increasing application of soil organic fertilizer,reasonable application of Mg fertilizer and then integrated management of soil nutrients should be carried out for sustainable development of agriculture.

关 键 词：诏安县 设施甜椒 土壤养分含量 土壤肥力质量 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S158.2[农业科学—园艺学]