南方水土流失区景观质量评价——以福建长汀为例  

Landscape Quality Evaluation of Soil and Water Loss Area in South China:A Case study on Changting,Fujian

作　　者：兰宇翔[1] 朱志鹏[1] 乔雨轩[1] 傅伟聪 陈晗 董建文[1,2] LAN Yu-xiang;ZHU Zhi-peng;QIAO Yu-xuan;FU Wei-cong;CHENG Han;DONG Jian-wen(College of landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;State Forestry and Grassland Administration Forest Park Engineering Research Center,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园林学院,福建,福州350002 [2]国家林业与草原局森林公园工程技术研究中心,福建福州350002

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2020年第3期587-596,共10页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201404301);国家林业局森林公园工程技术研究中心开放课题(PTJH1500207)。

摘　　要：【目的】水土流失区如何景观化治理以及如何对已治理好的水土流失地进行景观提升,在国内外此类研究极度缺乏,因此有必要对水土流失区进行景观评价研究。【方法】本研究在全面调查的基础上,采用SBE法和SD法对长汀水土流失区景观进行评价分析并建立模型。【结果】通过单因素分析法得出秋季不同比例的落叶和常绿树种搭配、不同芒萁覆盖程度、不同地被与马尾松混交、不同季相的银杏林近景和中景等13个分类景观效果差异极其显著并对其结果进行分析;通过多元线性回归方程来构建数学模型,得出贡献率从高到低依次为植被高度44.2%、树种起源29.8%、是否是经济林13.5%、绿视率8.5%与黄土裸露面积4%这5个显著因素,以及色相31.3%、植被显著度24.9%、植被种植方式24.1%、前景19.8%这4个显著特征。【结论】由多元化模型可得:低矮的植被(小于1.5 m)会大幅度降低景观的喜好度,当黄土裸露面积超过33%~67%时将降低景观喜好度,有经济林相比非经济林和没有经济林的会提高景观的喜好度;树种起源中自然种植的树种会大幅度降低公众的喜好度;景观的喜好度随着绿视率的提高而提高,图片绿色林地或草地越多景观喜好度越高;对比长汀水土流失区治理前、中、后的景观质量,治理后期的景观美景度大于治理中期景观美景度,最低的为治理前的景观,所以在无论在生态层面、经济层面还是景观层面,水土流失都是必须治理的。研究成果为提升水土流失区景观提供了科学的数据支撑。[Objective]Research on how to use the landscape methods to govern the soil erosion areas and how to improve the landscape of governed soil erosion areas is seldom reported at home and abroad,therefor,it is necessary to study the landscape evaluation of soil erosion area.[Method]SBE method and SD method were used to evaluate and analyze the landscape of soil erosion area in Changting and establish a model.[Result]The results of monofactor analysis showed that there were significant differences in the effects of 13 classifications,such as different proportion of deciduous and evergreen tree species,different degrees of coverage of Dicranop⁃teris pedata,different ground covers and masson pine,and different season phases and close shot or middle shot of ginkgo forest.The results were analyzed.By using multiple linear regression equation the mathematical model was constructed.From high to low,the contribution rates were 44.2%of vegetation height,29.8%of tree species origin,13.5%of economic forest,8.5%of green vision and 4%of bare loess area,and the four significant characteristics of color,vegetation,vegetation,planting mode and prospect were 31.3%,24.9%,24.1%and 19.8%,respectively.[Conclusion]According to the diversified model,low vegetation(less than 1.5m)will greatly reduce the preference of landscape,when the bare area of loess is more than 33%-67%,the landscape preference will be reduced,compared with economic forest,non-economic forest will improve the preference of landscape;the preference of landscape will be improved,the natural planting of tree species in the origin of tree species will greatly reduce the public preference;the preference of landscape increases with the increase of the green viewing rate,the more green woodland or grassland in the picture,the higher the preference of landscape.Compared with the landscape quality before,during and after the treatment of soil and water loss area in Changting,the landscape beauty degree in the late stage of the treatment was greater than that in the middle sta

关 键 词：水土流失区 景观质量 SBE法 SD法 

分 类 号：S727.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种] P901[农业科学—林学]