熔盐电脱氧法还原UO2的研究进展  

Progress in Reduction of UO2 Using Molten Salt Electro-Deoxidation Method

作　　者：杜云峰[1] 唐浩[1] 廖俊生[1] Du Yunfeng;Tang Hao;Liao Junsheng(Institute of Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Jiangyou 621907,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院材料研究所,四川江油621907

出　　处：《稀有金属》2020年第4期352-362,共11页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(21805251)资助。

摘　　要：熔盐电脱氧技术在多种金属和合金的制备中具有广阔的应用前景,甚至已经实现了某些金属和合金的工业化生产。近年来,在乏燃料后处理领域,利用熔盐电脱氧技术处理氧化物乏燃料的观点得到广泛的关注。二氧化铀作为乏燃料的主要成分,其相关电脱氧研究对金属铀的回收再利用和能源的可持续发展具有重要意义。首先回顾了近年来关于二氧化铀的电脱氧机制的研究进展,为二氧化铀电脱氧工艺提供理论基础;再从二氧化铀电脱氧动力学方面分析了二氧化铀的电脱氧过程,为二氧化铀电脱氧工艺提供实验基础;并在以上基础上对二氧化铀电脱氧的工艺重难点进行了归纳总结,指出了高效电解还原二氧化铀所面临的主要问题,这包括:二氧化铀电脱氧中采用熔盐的选择、二氧化铀电脱氧中阴极块体的制备工艺以及二氧化铀电脱氧中阳极材料的选择等方面;基于熔盐电脱氧技术在多种氧化物电脱氧中的优良表现,最后对二氧化铀电脱氧的电脱氧机制和电脱氧工艺的发展表达了期盼,并对熔盐电解技术在乏燃料后处理中的应用进行了展望。Molten salt electro-deoxidation method has various application prospects in the preparations of many metals and alloys,even has been used in the industrial production of some metals.In recent years,using molten salt electro-deoxidation method to deal with the spent fuel has received extensive attention in the spent nuclear fuel post-treatment field.The study on electro-deoxidation of uranium dioxide,the main component of spent fuel,is of great significance to the recycling of uranium and the sustainable development of energy.This paper firstly reviewed the research progress on the electro-deoxidation mechanism of uranium dioxide in recent years,which provided the theoretical basis for the electro-deoxidation process of uranium dioxide.Then the electro-deoxidation process of uranium dioxide was analyzed from the aspect of electro-deoxidation kinetics.The primary difficulties in the electro-deoxidation process were summarized based on the above analysis.The main problems facing to accelerate the current efficiency in the electro-deoxidation process were pointed out,including the molten salt in the electro-deoxidation of uranium dioxide,the fabrication of cathode bulk in the electro-deoxidation process and the anode material used in the electrolysis.In view of the excellent perfonnance of molten salt electrodeoxidation method in the electro-deoxidation process of many kinds of oxides,the developments of the mechanism and technology of electro-deoxidation of uranium dioxide were expected,and the application of electro-deoxidation method in reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel was also prospected.

关 键 词：熔盐电脱氧法 二氧化铀 电解还原 乏燃料 

分 类 号：TF111[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]