2008至2018年深圳市龙岗区5岁以下儿童死亡分析  

Analysis on death of children under five years old in Longgang District of Shenzhen from 2008 to 2018

作　　者：邢萌萌[1] 任路忠[1] 刘桂敏 XING Mengmeng;REN Luzhong;LIU Guimin(Department of Child Health,Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shenzhen Longgang District,Guangdong Shenzhen 518172,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院儿童保健部,深圳龙岗518172

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2020年第6期823-828,共6页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：深圳市龙岗区科技计划资助项目(LGKCYLWS2018000243)。

摘　　要：目的分析2008至2018年深圳市龙岗区5岁以下儿童死亡率(U5MR)及其变化趋势,为今后的防控工作提供参考依据。方法利用深圳市龙岗区5岁以下儿童死亡监测网络收集2008至2018年基础资料,分析新生儿死亡率(NMR)、婴儿死亡率(IMR)、U5MR及5岁以下儿童主要死因的死亡专率。结果①2018年龙岗区U5MR、IMR和NMR分别为1.98‰、1.51‰和1.02‰,分别较2008年下降了66.68%、66.25%和67.16%,均呈下降趋势(χ^2值分别为165.839、119.248、110.902,均P<0.001);②2008至2018年间U5MR前5位死因顺位分别为早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病、意外窒息、其他先天异常和出生窒息,其中早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病和出生窒息死因别死亡率从2008年的10.32/万、4.34/万、3.53/万下降到2018年的2.61/万、0.78/万、2.09/万,总体上呈下降趋势(χ^2值分别为56.191、10.272、12.774,均P<0.01);而意外窒息和其他先天异常呈现波浪状的变化趋势,基本保持原水平;③对死因进行分类,2008至2018年5岁以下儿童前3位死因是新生儿疾病(占32.05%)、意外死亡(占21.28%)和先天性异常(占16.17%);④2008至2018年期间5岁以下儿童中早产或低出生体重、先天性异常病死率总体呈下降趋势(χ^2值分别为52.253、55.165,均P<0.001)。结论 2018年龙岗区U5MR已达到国家2020年的目标,做好新生儿疾病防治、意外死亡和出生缺陷防控是控制U5MR的关键。Objective To analyze the mortality rate and its trend of children under 5years old(U5MR)in Longgang District of Shenzhen from 2008to 2018,so as to provide reference for future prevention and control work.Methods The basic data of children under 5years old in Longgang District of Shenzhen from 2008to 2018were collected,and the newborns mortality rate(NMR),infants mortality rate(IMR)and children under 5years old mortality rate(U5MR),as well as death-specific rate of children under 5 years old were analyzed.Results(1)The U5MR,IMR and NMR of Longgang District in 2018were 1.98‰,1.51‰and 1.02‰respectively,with a decrease of 66.68%,66.25%and 67.16%compared with 2008,and the U5MR showed a downward trend(χ^2 were 165.839,119.248and 110.902,respectively,all P<0.001).(2)The top five causes of death of U5MR were premature birth or low birth weight,congenital heart disease,accidental asphyxia,other congenital abnormalities and birth asphyxia.Premature birth or low birth weight,congenital heart disease,and birth asphyxia decreased from 10.30,4.34and 3.53per 10000births in 2008to 2.61,0.78and 2.09in 2018per 10000,showed a downward trend(χ^2 were 56.191,10.272and 12.774,respectively,all P<0.01).While the rates of accidental asphyxia and other congenital abnormalities basically maintained the original levels.(3)After classifying the causes of death,the priority three death causes of children under 5years old were neonatal diseases(32.05%),accidental death(21.28%)and congenital abnormality(16.17%).(4)In the period of 2008-2018,the mortality of preterm or low birth weight and congenital abnormality in children under 5years old showed a downward trend.(χ^2 were 52.253and 55.165,respectively,all P<0.001).Conclusion U5MR of Longgang Distric in 2018has reached the national target of 2020,prevention and control neonatal diseases,accidental death and birth defects were the key to reduce U5MR.

关 键 词：儿童 死亡率 死因顺位 死亡专率 病死率 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]