风机回击电磁场波形特征及辐射增强效应研究  

Study on Waveform Characteristics and Radiation Enhancement Effect of Lightning Return Stroke Initiated From Wind Turbine

作　　者：陈怀飞 王宇[2,3,4] 孙通 张石 向念文 何天宇 CHEN Huaifei;WANG Yu;SUN Tong;ZHANG Shi;XIANG Nianwen;HE Tianyu(School of Electrical and Automation,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan Nanrui Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Lightning Risk Prevention for Power Grids,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Electrical and Automation Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;Longyuan(Beijing)Wind Power Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100034,China;China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学电气与自动化学院,武汉430079 [2]国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司,武汉430074 [3]电网雷击风险预防湖北省重点实验室,武汉430074 [4]合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,合肥230009 [5]龙源(北京)风电工程技术有限公司,北京100034 [6]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京100192

出　　处：《高电压技术》2020年第6期2122-2130,共9页High Voltage Engineering

摘　　要：雷电对风电机组安全运行造成严重威胁。基于雷电回击工程模型,结合偶极子辐射理论,建立了风机回击电磁场计算模型,仿真分析了风机回击电磁场波形特征及电场强度变化规律。相比平地雷击,风机雷击的回击电磁场波形明显不同:存在明显的初始尖峰,且达到初始峰值后迅速衰减,波形存在震荡。目前雷电定位系统不能正确识别此类波形,将高估回击电流峰值,以50 km处垂直电场为例,预计雷电定位系统反演的回击电流可能为实际的3倍以上。计算不同距离处的静电场、感应场和辐射场分量后,发现电场增强的原因在于辐射场分量的明显增强;对电场增强效应的细致分析表明此效应对回击工程模型不敏感,说明辐射增强主要是由于回击电流波在风机本体上传播和反射叠加导致的;电磁场增强效应随观察点距离增加逐渐增强并趋于稳定,在目前我国风机普遍100~200 m高度情况下,电磁场增强可能达到3倍。此研究结论对指导风电机组的雷击防护,提升风电场区域地闪监测水平具有重要参考价值。Lightning is a serious threat to the safe operation of wind turbines.Based on the lightning engineering model and the dipole radiation theory,we established a calculation model of the electromagnetic field,and simulated the return strike to wind turbine and the waveform of the electromagnetic field.Compared with lightning strikes to the ground,the results show that there is an obvious initial peak,followed by a quick decrease,and the waveform is oscillatory.At present,the lightning location system can not be adopted to correctly identify such waveforms,leading to overestimation the apex of the return strike current.A vertical electric field at 50 km is taken as an example,and the lightning current inversed by the lightning location system will be expected to be over three times greater than true value.The electric field components,including electrostatic component,induction component and radiation component,at different distances are calculated,indicating the reason for the electric field enhancement is the enhancement of the radiation component.The detailed analyses show that the enhancement effect is insensitive to the engineering model,indicating that the radiation enhancement is mainly contributed by the wind turbine;the electromagnetic field enhancement factor increases gradually with the increase of the distance between observation point and lightning channel,and tends to be saturated.As the height of wind turbines generally changes from 100 m to 200 m,the enhancement may reach 3 times.The research conclusions have reference value for improving the cloud-to-ground lightning monitoring efficiency and lightning current inversion accuracy in wind farms.

关 键 词：风机 回击 工程模型 雷电流 电磁场 雷电监测 

分 类 号：TM863[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]