不同类型海上突发事件的紧急医学救援需求分析  

Need analysis of emergency medical rescue for different types of marine emergencies

作　　者：韩宁[1] 常纯卉 李钦传[1] 刘中民[1] 王韬 韩静 文轲 卢晶梦 侯雨含 林周胜[5] HAN Ning;CHANG Chunhui;LI Qinchuan;LIU Zhongmin;WANG Tao;HAN Jing;WEN Ke;LU Jingmeng;HOU Yuhan;LIN Zhousheng(Emergency Trauma Department,Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University,Shanghai 200120,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属东方医院急诊创伤外科,上海200120 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心辐事故与放射事故应急办公室,北京102206 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京102206 [4]苏州大学附属第二医院应急办公室,江苏苏州215004 [5]广东省第二人民医院,广东广州510317

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2020年第6期665-669,共5页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

基　　金：上海市浦东新区卫生系统重点学科群建设资助(编号:PWZxq2017-l3);上海市科委医学引导类项目资助(编号:19411963000)。

摘　　要：目的 分析温州港区海上突发事件的类型和遇险人员搜救情况,指导海上紧急医学救援的开展.方法 从温州市海上搜救中心数据库中获取温州港区2015年1月-2019年10月海上突发事件数据,对其进行统计学分析.结果 温州市海上搜救中心共接报突发事件273起.伤病事件最多,占所有突发事件数量的28.57%.组织开展搜救行动273次,海巡艇占所有救助力量的26.38%.碰撞事件单次遇险平均13.50人,平均死亡率2.24%;自沉事件单次遇险平均4.16人,平均死亡率22.95%;伤病事件单次遇险平均1.06人,平均死亡率3.21%;机损事件单次遇险平均9.09人,触礁事件单次遇险平均8.33人,搁浅事件单次遇险平均5.59人,火灾及爆炸事件单次遇险平均5.30人,无人员死亡.结论 触损和自沉事件需要医务人员跟随海巡艇深入救援一线,碰撞事件需要建立海巡艇搜救现场批量伤救治预案,伤病、机损、触礁、搁浅、火灾爆炸事件需要直升机或船舶开展伤员转运和后送,实现海上突发事件科学救援.Objective To guide the operation of medical rescue on marine accidents by analyzing the situations of distressed people in Wenzhou Port Area.Methods Data from Wenzhou Maritime Search and Rescue Center in Wenzhou port were collected to calculate the number of rescue force,the number of people in danger and average mortality in the maritime emergencies from January 2015 to October 2019 in Wenzhou Port.Results 273 maritime emergencies were reported to Wenzhou Maritime Search and Rescue Center.Trauma was the most common emergency and accounted for 28.57%of all emergencies.The sea cruisers accounted for 26.38%of all rescue forces in 273 search and rescue operations.Crash accident endangered 13.50 persons which in company with the average mortality rate of 2.24%.Self-sinking accident endangered 4.16 persons which in company with the average mortality rate of 22.95%.Trauma accident endangered 1.06 persons which in company with the average mortality rate of 3.21%.The number of people in Machine damage,reef accident,stranded accident,fire and explosion was 9.09,8.33,5.59,5.30,respectively.And no one died from these accidents.Conclusion Medical personnel should follow the sea cruise to treat the wounded in the accident scene in the contact damage and self-sinking events.Mass casualty treatment plan should be operated on the sea cruiser in the collision events.Helicopters or nearby ships should be coordinated to transfer the wounded to hospitals in the injuries,machine damage,reef strikes,grounding,fire and explosion events.

关 键 词：海上突发事件 海上搜救 遇险人员 紧急医学救援 批量伤 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]