2018年西安市鼠类种群及密度监测分析  

Monitoring results of rodent population and density in Xi’an in 2018

作　　者：庞松涛[1] 李广帅[1] 雷晓岗 薛威[1] 陈保忠[1] PANG Song-tao;LI Guang-shuai;LEI Xiao-gang;XUE Wei;CHEN Bao-zhong(Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2020年第3期250-252,共3页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

摘　　要：目的掌握西安市鼠种构成、消长趋势及不同生境鼠密度情况,为防鼠、灭鼠措施的制定提供科学依据。方法按照地理东、南、西、北4个方位选择4个区县,每个区县选择城镇居民区、农村自然村和食品餐饮行业共5个监测点,奇数月中旬采用夹夜法监测。结果共捕获4类鼠119只,鼠密度0.58%,优势鼠种为小家鼠,占比49.58%。鼠密度季节消长呈双峰型,小高峰是3月,为0.60%;大高峰是7月,为0.84%;城镇居民区鼠密度高峰在7月,为0.84%;农村自然村在5月,为1.67%;食品餐饮行业呈双峰趋势,分别为3月的1.00%,7月的0.75%。结论 2018年西安市鼠密度高于全国平均水平,不同生境鼠密度、鼠种和消长趋势不同。建议根据以上特点制定不同生境的防鼠、灭鼠措施,将鼠密度控制在更低的水平。Objective To grasp the composition of rodent species,the trend of growth and decline and the rodent density in different habitats in Xi’an,and provide scientific basis for the formulation of rodent control and rodent control measures.Methods Four districts and counties were selected in the four directions of the city proper,and residential areas,natural villages and food services were chosen as the monitoring premises.Monitoring work was conducted in the mid of odd months with the night trapping method.Results A total of 119 rodents were captured belonging to 4 species of rodents in the whole year,and the average density was 0.58%.Mus musculus was the dominant species accounting for 49.58%.The seasonal fluctuation of rodent density was bimodal with the small peak in March and the big peak in July.In residential areas,rodent density peaked as 0.84%in July,in rural natural villages as 1.67%in May,and food services showed a double-peak trend,with rodent density of 1.00%in March and 0.75%in July.Conclusion The density of rodent in Xi’an was higher than the national average in 2018,and the rodent density,species and growth trend were different in different habitats.Measures for rodent control in different habitats should be formulated according to the above characteristics so as to control rodent density at a lower level.

关 键 词：鼠密度 种群构成 季节消长 监测 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]