玛瑙的宝石学分类及其鉴别特征  

GEMOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF AGATE

作　　者：夏玉梅 戴苏兰[2] 陈大鹏 陈红霞 曲蔚 徐速 廖俊 XIA Yumei;DAI Sulan;CHEN Dapeng;CHEN Hongxia;QU Wei;XU Su;LIAO Jun(Chengdu Institute of Product Quality Inspection Co.,Ltd.9Chengdu,Sichuan 6101009 China;Sichuan Institute of Product Quality Supervision&Inspection,Chengdu,Sichuan 610100,China)

机构地区：[1]成都产品质量检验研究院有限责任公司,四川成都610100 [2]四川省产品质量监督检验检测院,四川成都610100

出　　处：《矿物岩石》2020年第2期1-14,共14页Mineralogy and Petrology

基　　金：四川省省级财政质量技术监督专项资金项目《玉髓分类与评价研究》(川质监函[2013]89号文批准);四川省地方标准研制项目《玉髓分类与评价》(川质监函[2019]451号文批准)。

摘　　要：玉髓是地球上产量最大的玉石品种之一,玛瑙又是玉髓中最色彩缤纷、特色多样、美观与奇特兼具而广受人们喜爱的品种。但近些年来,国内外各地新发现的玉髓或玛瑙品种越来越多,受到市场不同程度热捧,不同地域各自命名,名称多种多样,价格混乱,让消费者眼花缭乱,更是让玉髓和玛瑙之间的关系及各自的概念混淆不清。玛瑙定义和分类的混乱已严重影响玛瑙市场的规范有序的良性发展,也不能满足现今玛瑙市场日新月异的变化需求。为解决这一问题,本研究在多年来多个相关科研、标准项目研究成果和大量实物样品测试验证基础上,根据现有市场上常见的传统玛瑙品种和非传统的新品种的特点特性,尝试完善玉髓和玛瑙的宝石学定义,并以玉髓和玛瑙产品最终呈现出来的最主要特征为分类依据,将玉髓划分为单色玉髓、玛瑙、碧石、硅化玉四大类。本次研究重点阐述玛瑙的宝石学定义及分类特征和鉴定特征,将玛瑙划分为多色玛瑙、纹带玛瑙、图案玛瑙、形态玛瑙、胆玛瑙、特殊光学效应玛瑙六类十六个特色品种,给出了科学合理并具有市场可行性的宝石学分类方案。Chalcedony is one of the most prolific varieties of jade on earth,and agate is the most popular variety of chalcedony in terms of color,variety of features,beauty and oddity.However,in recent years,more and more new varieties of chalcedony or agate have been discovered at home and abroad,which are popular in different degrees in the market.Different regions have their own names,with various names and chaotic prices,which dazzle consumers and even confuse the relationship between chalcedony and agate and their respective concepts.The confusion of agate definition and classification has seriously affected the orderly development of agate market.Based on the research results and a large number of test samples and according to the existing common traditional agate varieties on the market and the characteristics of the new non-traditional agate varieties,the chalcedony has been classified into monochrome chalcedony,agate,jasper and jade silicide.This paper mainly expounds the gemological definition,classification characteristics of agate,divides agate into 16 characteristic varieties of polychromic agate,ornamented agate,pictorial agate,morphological agate,gallinate and special optical effect agate,and puts forward a scientific and reasonable gemological classification scheme with market feasibility.

关 键 词：玛瑙 玛瑙的定义 宝石学分类 鉴定特征 

分 类 号：P578.4[天文地球—矿物学]