施氮对1年生青钱柳生长和三萜类化合物积累的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application on growth and triterpenoids accumulation of 1-year-old Cyclocarya paliurus

作　　者：张小燕 李雨菲 刘桂华[1] 许早时[2] 邓波 Zhang Xiaoyan;Li Yufei;Liu Guihua;Xu Zaoshi;Deng Bo(School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230022,Anhui,China;Anhui Forestry High-tech Development Center,Hefei 230031,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,安徽合肥230022 [2]安徽省林业高科技开发中心,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2020年第4期60-68,共9页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31800528)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究施氮对青钱柳生长和三萜类积累的影响,为规范青钱柳药用人工林的栽培和提高药用植物单位面积的三萜产量提供理论依据。【方法】以1年生青钱柳苗为试材,共设置5个不同的施氮水平,包括:N1(0 g/株)、N2(1 g/株)、N3(3.4 g/株)、N4(6 g/株)和N5(10 g/株)。分别于5—8月的每月中下旬测定其苗高、地径、生物量,总三萜以及主要的3个三萜单体的含量。【结果】结果表明:(1)青钱柳苗高和地径的生长随着施N量的增加呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势,最大苗高和地径的净生长量在N4处理中获得,与对照N1相比,分别增加103.90%和57.58%;植株根系、茎杆、叶片生物量和总生物量积累的变化趋势与之相似,其中最大总生物量积累在N4处理中获得,达到7.24 g。(2)随着施氮量的增加,植株叶片中N含量出现线性增加(根系和茎杆较稳定),而C含量未发生明显变化,导致叶片中的C/N从20.42%线性下降到12.19%。(3)叶片是三萜积累的主要部位,叶片中阿江榄仁酸、青钱柳酸B、青钱柳甙Ⅰ及总三萜积累在各处理间呈现单峰变化趋势,均在相对低N条件下(N2)获得峰值,分别为2.45、0.73、0.44、22.95 mg/g。另外,所检测的3个三萜单体中,含量最高的为阿江榄仁酸(0.73 mg/g,干质量),其后依次为青钱柳酸B(0.23 mg/g,干质量)和青钱柳甙I(0.12 mg/g,干质量)。(4)施氮显著影响了青钱柳中总三萜和三萜单体的单株产量,其中总三萜、阿江榄仁酸的单株产量的变化范围分别为95.21~279.45 mg/株、4.64~17.21 mg/株,均在相对低N条件下(N3)获得最高;总三萜和3个三萜单体的最低产量在N1或N5处理获得。【结论】施氮量在中等偏高水平时可以促进青钱柳幼苗的生长,而中等偏低的施氮量则能促进三萜类化合物的积累。[Objective]The effects of nitrogen application on the growth and triterpenoids accumulation of Cyclocarya paliurus were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for regulating the cultivation of medicinal plantation and improving the triterpenoids yield per unit area of medicinal plants.[Method]The1-year-old seedlings of C.paliurus were used as test materials under five different N levels,including N1(0 g/plant),N2(1 g/plant),N3(3.4 g/plant),N4(6 g/plant),N5(10 g/plant).And the seedling height,ground diameter,biomass,total triterpenoid and three main triterpenoids were measured in the middle and late days of each month from May to August.[Result](1)The seedling height and ground diameter growth of C.paliurus increased first and then decreased with increased N application,and the highest net growth of seedling height and basal diameter were got in treatment N4,increased by 103.90%and 57.58%,respectively compared with N1.Similar variation pattern was also observed for the biomass and total biomass accumulation in roots,stalks and leaves,and the greatest total biomass accumulation was got in treatment N4,reaching 7.24 g.(2)With the increase of N application,the N content in leaves of plants increased linearly(that in roots and stalks was comparatively stable),while the C content did not change significantly,resulting in the C/N in leaves decreased linearly,and ranged from 20.42%to 12.19%.(3)Leaf was the main accumulating organ in C.paliurus,and the largest total accumulation and three individual triterpenoids(arjunolic acid,cyclocaric acid B and cyclocarioside I)in leaf showed a single peak variation pattern,with the peak values of 2.45,0.73,0.44 and 22.95 mg/g,respectively under relatively low N condition(N2).In addition,among the three individual triterpenoids tested,the main individual triterpenoid was arjunolic acid(0.73 mg/g,dry mass),followed by cyclocaric acid B(0.23 mg/g,dry mass)and cyclocarioside I(0.12 mg/g,dry mass).(4)N application significantly affected the yield of total and three individual trit

关 键 词：青钱柳 施氮 生长 三萜积累 三萜产量 

分 类 号：S792.12[农业科学—林木遗传育种]