咸阳市某空心砖厂职业病危害因素识别及防护设施评价  

Identification of occupational hazards and evaluation of protective facilities in a hollow brick factory in Xianyang City

作　　者：王嘉欣 纪明睿 齐宝宁 徐守竹 李娟 苗静 周晶 WANG Jia-xin;JI Ming-rui;QI Bao-ning;XU Shou-zhu;LI Juan;MIAO Jing;ZHOU Jing(Department of Public Health,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi,712046,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学公共卫生学院,陕西咸阳712046

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第9期1167-1171,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：陕西省中医药管理局科研项目(2019-ZZ-ZC012);咸阳市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(2017K02-94)。

摘　　要：目的了解咸阳市某空心砖厂生产工作过程中产生的职业病危害因素及其防护措施设置,确定职业病危害因素并提出防控建议。方法依据国家相关标准于2018年5-7月对咸阳市某空心砖厂的职业病危害因素及其防护措施采用现场调查、卫生检测等方法进行分析评价。结果咸阳市某空心砖厂存在的主要职业病危害因素有其他粉尘、煤尘、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氢氧化钠、噪声,其中工作场所空气中游离二氧化硅的含量为7.3%,其他粉尘、煤尘(呼尘)、煤尘(总尘)时间加权平均容许浓度分别为1.50~2.79、0.86、2.11 mg/m^3;工作场所空气中二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳时间加权平均容许浓度分别为0.05、1.76~1.77、1.00~1.30 mg/m^3,氢氧化钠最高容许浓度为0.16 mg/m^3;工作人员接触噪声8 h等效声级为74.4~84.4 dB(A),以上工作场所工作人员接触的职业病危害因素检测结果均符合职业接触限值要求。结论咸阳市某空心砖厂在运行期间作业人员职业病危害因素接触水平、砖厂总平面布置、生产工艺和设备布局、采取的职业病危害防护设施均符合职业卫生要求,在应急救援设施方面仍需要进一步完善。Objective To understand the occupational hazard factors and protective measures in the production process of a hollow brick factory in Xianyang City,determine the occupational disease hazard factors and put forward some suggestions for prevention and control.Methods According to the relevant national standards,the occupational disease hazard factors and protective measures of a hollow brick factory in Xianyang City were analyzed and evaluated by means of on-the-spot investigation and hygienic inspection from May to July 2018.Results The main occupational hazard factors in a hollow brick factory in Xianyang City were other dust,coal dust,nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide,carbon monoxide,sodium hydroxide and noise.The content of free silicon dioxide in the air of the workplace was 7.3%.The time-weighted average allowable concentrations of other dust,coal dust(exhaled dust)and coal dust(total dust)were 1.50-2.79,0.86 and 2.11 mg/m^3,respectively.The time-weighted average allowable concentrations of nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air of the workplace were 0.05,1.76-1.77 and 1.00-1.30 mg/m^3,respectively.The maximum allowable concentration of sodium hydroxide was 0.16 mg/m^3.The equivalent continuous sound level normalized to 8 hours was 74.4-84.4 dB(A).Aboveresultsofoccupationalhazardfactorsallmettherequirements of occupational exposure limits.Conclusion During the operation of a hollow brick factory in Xianyang City,the exposure level of occupational hazard factors,the general layout,production process and equipment layout of brick factory,as well as the occupational hazard protection facilities all meet the occupational health requirements.Emergency rescue facilities still need to be further improved.

关 键 词：空心砖厂 防护措施评价 职业病危害因素 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]