中国城市规划理念的反思和变革:超越“集中主义”与“分散主义”  

A Reflective Study on the Chinese Urban Planning Concept:Transcending“Centralism”and“Decentralism”

作　　者：刘士林 LIU Shilin(Institute of Urban Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学城市科学研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期39-47,共9页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“大运河文化建设研究”(项目编号:19ZDA186);教育部哲学社会科学系列发展报告首批建设项目“中国都市化进程年度报告”(项目编号:10JBG011)。

摘　　要："集中化"是中国城市规划的基本特色。改革开放以来中国城市规划的理念和模式,主要遵从的是城市发展的"集中"规律和特点,集中化、集约化、密集化、轴带化已成为城市规划和建设的基本特色。其共同的理论来源即"点-轴系统"理论。该理论最大的优势是充分利用了环境、技术和经济的综合优势,降低发展成本,不仅在过去符合中国城市化的整体需要,今天仍是欠发达地区需要重点遵从的城市发展规律之一。以"分散"为理念的城市规划新思路,目前应主要运用于东部地区和中西部中心城市。未来中国城市规划的理念和模式,既不应一味坚持"点-轴系统"理论,也不能不加区别地追捧"分散主义",而是宜采取一种"集中+分散"的基本思路,努力使"集中"和"分散"形成良性循环和有机互动。只有把"分散"和"集中"的关系协调好,才能使城市规划更符合中国城镇化的国情和需要。Centralization is the basic feature of the urban planning in China.Since the reform and openingup,the Chinese concept and mode of urban planning has mainly followed the law of“centralization”.Centralization,intensification,densification and axis-band distribution have become the basic characteristics of urban planning and construction.Their common theoretical source is the“point-axis system”theory.The biggest advantage of the theory is to make full use of the comprehensive advantages of environment,technology and economy,thus reducing the development cost.It not only meets the overall needs of China’s urbanization in the past,but also becomes one of the urban development rules that need to be followed in the underdeveloped areas today.At present,the new idea of decentralized urban planning should be mainly applied to the eastern regions,metropolises and central cities in the central and western China.In the future,the Chinese concept and mode of urban planning should neither adhere to the“point-axis system”theory,nor pursue“decentralism”indiscriminately.The better option should facilitate“centralism”and“decentralism”to form a sound cycle and organic interaction based on the idea of“centralization plus decentralization”.Only when the relationship between decentralism and centralism is well coordinated,can urban planning better meet the national conditions and needs of China’s urbanization.

关 键 词：集中主义 分散主义 点-轴系统 

分 类 号：TU984.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]