离子表面活性剂对膨化硝酸铵的改性  

The modification of expanded ammonium nitrate by ionic surfactant

作　　者：张洪 吴红波[1] 周健平 张续 ZHANG Hong;WU Hong-bo;ZHOU Jian-ping;ZHANG Xu(School of Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化学工程学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《工程爆破》2020年第3期79-84,共6页Engineering Blasting

摘　　要：为了提高膨化硝酸铵的使用性能,研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和十八烷胺醋酸盐(OCTA·AC)两种离子表面活性剂以及两者的复配对膨化硝酸铵性能的影响,测试了改性前后膨化硝酸铵的吸湿性、吸油率、水溶性、抗结块性、微观结构以及热分解特性。实验结果表明,两种离子表面活性剂都可改善膨化硝酸铵的使用性能,尤其是将SDBS和OCTA·AC按照2∶3比例复配之后,对改善膨化硝酸铵的性能,效果最为明显,其测试结果为,在温度15℃和湿度90%环境中24 h的吸湿率为8%,比改性前的9.5%降低1.5%;吸油率为42.10%,比改性前的36.76%提高5.34%。SEM照片显示改性后的膨化硝酸铵微观结构的内表面比改性前光滑,表明离子表面活性剂吸附在膨化硝酸铵的内表面,形成单分子层或亚单分子层,降低了表面自由能。C80微热量热测试结果表明,离子表面活性剂对膨化硝酸铵的α斜方晶体转变为β斜方晶体有抑制作用。In order to improve the performance of expanded ammonium nitrate,the effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)and octadecylamine acetate(OCTA·AC)as well as their combination on the performance of expanded ammonium nitrate were studied.The moisture absorption,oil absorption,water solubility,anti caking,microstructure and thermal decomposition characteristics of expanded ammonium nitrate before and after modification were tested.The experimental results show that the two ionic surfactants can improve the performance of expanded ammonium nitrate,especially when SDBS and OCTA·AC are compounded according to the ratio of 2∶3,the most obvious effect is to improve the performance of expanded ammonium nitrate.The test results that the moisture absorption rate was 8% at 15℃ and 90% humidity for 24 hours,1.5% lower than the 9.5% before modification,and the oil absorption rate was 42.10%,5.34% higher than the 36.76% before modification.SEM photos show that the inner surface of the modified expanded ammonium nitrate microstructure is smoother than that of the modified one,indicating that the ionic surfactant adsorbs on the inner surface of expanded ammonium nitrate,forming a single or sub single molecular layer,reducing the surface free energy.The results of C80 microcalorimetry showed that the ionic surfactant had an inhibitory effect on the transformation of α to β orthorhombic crystals of expanded ammonium nitrate.

关 键 词：离子表面活性剂 膨化硝酸铵 晶变 结块性 吸湿性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]