稻米品质性状研究进展与应用  

Research Advances and Applications of Rice Grain Quality Traits

作　　者：方志强 陆展华 王石光 刘维[1] 卢东柏[1] 王晓飞[1] 何秀英[1,2] FANG Zhiqiang;LU Zhanhua;WANG Shiguang;LIU Wei;LU Dongbai;WANG Xiaofei;HE Xiuying(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第5期11-20,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100102);广东省现代农业产业技术体系专项(2019KJ105);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020202004);科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)(R2016PY-JG001);广东省农业科学院院长基金(201825和2019024);广东省乡村振兴战略专项:优质稻良种重大科研联合攻关(粤财农〔2019〕73号)。

摘　　要：水稻作为我国重要的粮食作物之一,改善其稻米品质是每位育种工作者所追求的夙愿。人们对米质的要求随着生活及消费水平的增加而有所提高,目前改良稻米品质已成为育种家开展水稻品质育种的重要目标。对稻米品质性状的构成、影响米质的因素及稻米品质性状的分析技术进行了系统性的概述,将调控米质的外观品质、加工品质(粒型、垩白)、蒸煮食味品质(直链淀粉含量、糊化温度及香味)、营养品质(蛋白质)等性状相关基因的克隆、功能研究以及重要稻米品质基因在常规育种和现代育种技术上的应用进行了综述,并对稻米品质分析技术、稻米品质性状相关基因在育种上的应用进行了展望,以期为稻米品质分析技术、稻米品质的改良及品质育种提供参考,提高水稻品种的多样性,丰富水稻的种质资源。Rice is one of the most important crops in China,and the improvement of its grain quality is the wish of every breeder.With the improvement of living standard and consumption level,people's demands for rice grain quality are also increasing.At present,improving rice quality has become an important goal for breeders to carry out rice grain quality breeding.The composition of rice grain quality traits,factors affecting rice quality and analysis technology of rice grain quality traits were systematically introduced.The cloning and functional studies of genes related to rice appearance quality,processing quality(grain shape,chalkiness),cooking and eating quality(amylose content,gelatinization temperature and fragrance),nutritional quality(protein),and applications of important rice grain quality genes in conventional and modern breeding technologies were summarized.The analysis technology of rice quality and the application of rice grain quality trait related genes in breeding were prospected in order to provide references for rice quality analysis technology and the improvement of rice quality and quality breeding, improve thediversity of rice varieties and enrich rice germplasm resources .

关 键 词：稻米品质 分析技术 基因 定位克隆 育种改良 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]