贵阳市2015年居民主要死因及对期望寿命的影响分析  

Analysis on the influence of main causes of death on life expectancy of residents in Guiyang in 2015

作　　者：蒲焱[1] 张如坤 杨琴英 罗怡[1] 吴萍[1] 张健[1] PU Yan;ZHANG Ru-kun;YANG Qin-ying;LUO Yi;WU Ping;ZHANG Jian(Guiyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang,Guizhou 550003,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳市疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550003

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2020年第2期221-224,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

基　　金：贵阳市高层次创新型青年卫生人才培养计划项目([2014]筑卫计科技合同字第020号)。

摘　　要：目的分析贵阳市2015年死因监测点常住居民的主要死因及对期望寿命的影响,为制定疾病预防控制措施和方向提供科学依据。方法采用描述统计学方法以及编制简略寿命表、去死因寿命表计算2015年贵阳市4个死因监测点常住居民的死亡率、死因顺位以及期望寿命和去主要死因期望寿命。结果贵阳市2015年死因监测点常住居民报告死亡率为519.32/10万,标化死亡率为543.61/10万。男性报告死亡率为611.81/10万,标化死亡率为624.23/10万,女性报告死亡率为420.53/10万,标化死亡率为450.26/10万,男女死亡率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=380.11,P<0.05)。前5位死因分别是脑血管病(105.30/10万)、恶性肿瘤(93.29/10万)、心脏病(91.06/10万)、呼吸系统疾病(70.17/10万)以及损伤和中毒(52.07/10万)。人均期望寿命为78.64岁,其中男性为76.08岁,女性为81.59岁。男性去除前5位死因后期望寿命可提高10.31岁,女性可提高9.68岁。结论慢性非传染性疾病以及损伤和中毒是贵阳市常住居民的主要死因,对贵阳市常住居民期望寿命影响较大的疾病分别是脑血管疾病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病和损伤和中毒。Objective To analyze the main cause of death and the influence on the life expectancy of the residents in Guiyang in 2015,provide the scientific basis for the development measures and directions for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods The mortality,the cause of death,the life expectancy and the expected life of the main cause of death of the residents in Guiyang were calculated by the descriptive statistics method and the preparation of the short-life table and the life table to dislodge the cause of death.Results The death rate of the resident population in the cause of death in Guiyang in 2015 was 519.32/100 000,and the standardized mortality rate was 543.61/100 000,the death rate of male was 611.81/100 000,the standardized mortality rate was 624.23/100 000,and the female reported was 420.53/100 000,the standardized mortality rate was 450.26/100 000.There was significant difference in mortality between male and female(χ^2=380.11,P<0.05).The top five causes of death were cerebrovascular disease(105.30/100 000),malignant tumor(93.29/100 000),heart disease(91.06/100 000),respiratory disease(70.17/100 000),injury and poisoning.(52.07/100 000).The average life expectancy of permanent residents was 78.64 years,in which the life expectancy of males and females was 76.08 years and 81.59 years respectively.After removing the first five causes of death,the life expectancy of males and females could be increased by 10.31 years and 9.68 years respectively.Conclusion Chronic non-communicable diseases and injury poisoning are the main causes of death about Guiyang residents.The major diseases that have great influence on the life expectancy of residents are cerebrovascular disease,heart disease,malignant tumor,respiratory disease and injury and poisoning in Guiyang.

关 键 词：主要死因 期望寿命 慢性非传染性疾病 

分 类 号：R195.3[医药卫生—卫生统计学]