上海市某采样点2014—2017年冬季大气PM2.5中金属和类金属成分特征分析  

Composition characteristics of PM2.5 metals and metalloids in a sampling point of Shanghai in winter from 2014 to 2017

作　　者：杨程[1] 杨兴堂[1] 袁震 季鹏 严丽丽[1] 沈先标[1] YANG Cheng;YANG Xing-tang;YUAN Zhen;JI Peng;YAN Li-li;SHEN Xian-biao(Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201901,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201901

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2020年第4期290-293,共4页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：【目的】通过连续4年的动态监测探究上海某采样点大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中金属和类金属成分组成和分布的特征。【方法】采样点位于上海市某社区卫生服务中心楼顶,采样高度12.5 m,在2014—2017年的4个冬季(每年的12月至次年2月),每月10—16日连续采样7 d,每次采样22 h,并采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP/MS)测定样本中12种金属和类金属元素的含量。【结果】采用两两比较秩和检验,总金属、铝(Al)、铍(Be)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)及铊(Tl)的组间两两比较差异有统计学意义;Cochran-Armitage趋势检验显示,Al随时间变化呈升高趋势,Cr、Pb和Ni随时间变化呈降低趋势;因子分析显示,各年度的因子1中有相对稳定的构成元素(As、Cd、Pb、Mn、Se),其余因子的内部构成相对不稳定。【结论】该地可能存在相对稳定的污染源排放,Al、Cr、Pb和Ni存在明显升高或降低趋势。[Objective]To explore the composition and distribution of metal and metalloids in fine particulate metter in a certain area of Shanghai through four consecutive years of dynamic monitoring.[Methods]The sampling point was on the roof of a community health service center in Shanghai,with a height of 12.5 meters.In the four winters of 2014-2017 from Dec.to Feb.next year,samples were continuously collected for 7 days(from 10 th to 16 th)a month and 22 hours for each day.Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used for the determination of metals and metalloids in collected samples.[Results]The pairwise comparisons between the total metals,Al,Be,Cr,Hg,Pb,Mn,Ni,Se and Tl in any two years were statistically different through the rank sum test.In the Cochran-Armitage trend test,Al showed an upward trend in the whole periods,while Cr,Pb and Ni was on a downward trend.In factor analysis,factor 1 in each year had relatively stable component elements(As,Cd,Pb,Mn,Se),while the internal components of the remaining factors were relatively unstable.[Conclusion]There may be relatively stable sources of pollution locally.Al,Cr,Pb and Ni have a significant tendency to increase or decrease.

关 键 词：空气污染 细颗粒物 金属 类金属 特征 

分 类 号：R122.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]