基于ENVI-met模型的北京市典型道路行道树树种优化研究  

Research on Species Optimization of Typical Road Trees in Beijing Based on ENVI-met

作　　者：周姝雯 高菲 马克明[4,5,6,7,8] ZHOU Shuwen;GAO Fei;MA Keming

机构地区：[1]成都规划设计研究院,成都610094 [2]成都规划设计研究院规划设计五所,成都610094 [3]成都市规划设计研究院生态研究室 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [5]中国生态学学会自然保护区专业委员会 [6]国际景观生态学会中国分会 [7]国家湿地科学与技术专家会 [8]中国环境科学学会环境地学分会

出　　处：《中国园林》2020年第6期141-144,共4页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“基于城市道路网络大气颗粒物污染的绿地滞尘效应多尺度研究”(编号41430638)资助。

摘　　要：城市道路是城市居民重要的活动场所,人行道空气质量与居民健康密切相关。行道树被广泛认为会降低道路空气交换速率,从而造成道路污染物浓度升高;然而,行道树通过改变湍流形成空气颗粒物浓度差异化分布,同时对颗粒物有一定截获能力。因此,合理规划行道树有望改变道路空气流场进而改善局部空气质量。以北京地安门内大街为例,从改善道路污染的角度展开基于ENVI-met模型的行道树设计与技术探索,得出:1)ENVI-met可用于道路污染物扩散及沉降模拟研究;2)行道树冠幅是影响道路颗粒物扩散的重要因素,冠幅宽度到达道路宽度时,往往会影响颗粒物的快速扩散,导致道路颗粒物浓度升高;3)冠幅较大且冠层高度靠近地面的行道树对道路颗粒物有较好的吸附效果。本研究为行道树树种选择提供有利依据,同时也是国内首次用ENVI-met对颗粒物扩散和沉降开展研究。Urban roads are important activity places for citizens,and sidewalk air quality is closely related to public health.Roadside trees are widely believed to reduce the ventilation in the road,resulting in higher pollutants concentrations.However,roadside trees can form a differentiated distribution of particles concentration through changing turbulence and have a certain ability to intercept particles.Therefore,reasonable planning of roadside trees is expected to change the road air flow field and improve local air quality.This study took Di'anmen Nei Street as the example to explore an innovative technological approach on roadside trees designing based on ENVI-met from the perspective of improving road pollution.The conclusions are the following:1)ENVI-met can be used to simulate the diffusion and settlement of road pollutants;2)The canopy width is an important factor affecting the diffusion of particulate matter on the road.When the width of the crown reaches the width of the road,it will affect the rapid diffusion of particulate matters,leading to an increase in the concentration of particulate matter on the road;3)The roadside tree with a large crown width and a canopy height close to the ground has better adsorption effect on the road particles.This study provides a favorable basis for the selection of roadside tree species.At the same time,it is the first time that ENVI-met is used in the study of particle diffusion and deposition in China.

关 键 词：园林植物 行道树 北京 PM10 ENVI-met 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]