宋代科举人才空间聚集性探索  

Exploration of Spatial Aggregation of the Imperial Examination Talents of Song Dynasty

作　　者：窦小影 应申[1] 侯景洋 王兆鹏[2] 邵大为 DOU Xiaoying;YING Shen;HOU Jingyang;WANG Zhaopeng;SHAO Dawei(School of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Literature,Journalism and Communication,South-central University for Nationalities,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]中南民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《地理信息世界》2020年第3期35-41,共7页Geomatics World

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0503500)资助。

摘　　要：科举制度下选拔出的人才称为科举人才,其在社会阶级的纵向流动、思想文化传播、地方教育等方面发挥重要作用。科举人才的分布一定程度反映了地方的综合教育水平和文化繁荣程度。利用《宋登科记考》中的数据,以宋朝各位皇帝在位期间的各州府科举人才数量构建的时间序列为基础,结合归一化处理、空间自相关方法分析其差异性和聚集性,探索宋代科举人才的分布和区域演变特征,并结合史实在一定程度上分析了其原因。研究结果表明:①宋朝各州府在科举人才数量上极不平衡,南宋时期比北宋时期更不平衡;②北方科举人才在宋太祖之后处于劣势,宋真宗时期科举人才表现为东南区域聚集的趋势,这一趋势延续至南宋末期,佐证了文化重心南移完成于宋真宗时期的说法;③北宋西部科举人才数量高值聚集区范围远远小于东南高值聚集区,而南宋西部没有形成高值聚集区;④宋朝在北方边疆地区形成的科举人才数量低值聚集区,与宋朝发生战争密集的地区基本一致。The imperial examination system(keju)plays an important role in the vertical mobility of social classes,the spread of ideology and culture,and the development of local education of Song dynasty.The distribution of the imperial examination talents—who received the highest qualification—reflects the comprehensive education level and cultural prosperity of local areas.This article collects the time series data of the number of the imperial examination talents of all prefectures during Song dynasty(960-1279).Approaches of data normalization and spatial autocorrelation are used to explore the spatial distribution(i.e.,spatial heterogeneity and aggregation)and temporal evolution of imperial examination talents of Song dynasty.Possible reasons for the spaiotemporal heterogeneity are explored based on historical facts.We find that①the distribution of the imperial examination talents is unbalanced,especially for Southern Song dynasty;②the imperial examination talents come from north China become fewer after the period of emperor Taizu,while for the period of emperor Zhenzong,most of the imperial examination talents comes from southeast China.Such trend keeps until the end of Southern Song dynasty,which verifies the statement that"the cultural center was moved to south china at the fime of emperor Zhenzong";③the aggregation area of many imperial examination talents in west China is much smaller than that of southeast China in northen Song dnasty.To the contrast,there is no aggregation area for Southern Song dynasty;④the aggregation area of few imperial examination talents formed in the northern frontier is consistent to the war-intensive area of Song dynasty.

关 键 词：科举地理 空间自相关 空间聚集 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]