湖北随州叶家山西周墓地出土青铜器锈层结构的综合分析  

Research on the corrosion product layer of bronzes excavated from Yejiashan Cemetery in Suizhou

作　　者：穆艺 罗武干 李玲[4] 黄凤春[4] 王昌燧[1,2] MU Yi;LUO Wugan;LI Ling;HUANG Fengchun;WANG Changsui(The Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China;Tianjin Museum, Tianjin 120000, China;Hubei Provincial Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology, Wuhan 430077, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学考古学与人类学系,北京100049 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [3]天津博物馆,天津120000 [4]湖北省文物考古研究所,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2020年第3期8-16,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(41471167);中国国家留学基金项目资助(201404910198);中国科学院大学优秀青年教师科研能力提升项目资助(2019-Y954026XX2)。

摘　　要：为研究湖北随州叶家山西周墓地出土6件典型青铜器残片的锈蚀特征,利用超景深三维视频显微分析、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、离子色谱、拉曼光谱(Raman)及扫描电镜能谱面扫描分析(SEM-EDS Mapping)等方法对其进行了综合分析。研究结果表明:叶家山墓地墓葬多为中性/弱酸性、贫氯埋藏环境,有利于青铜器的保存。其锈层结构丰富,符合基于水与青铜器模拟腐蚀过程所推导的锈层结构类型。唯M46为弱碱性、富氯的埋藏环境,该墓出土残片锈蚀中存在有害锈,属于典型“粗糙疏松”锈层类型,亟须对该墓出土其他铜器进行相关保护处理。本研究系利用拉曼及扫描电镜能谱面扫描分析等方法对古代青铜器锈层结构进行原位、综合分析的工作。实践指出,利用拉曼及扫描电镜能谱面扫描分析等方法,可快捷、高效、有针对性地分析古代青铜器的锈层结构。In our study,ultra-depth video microscopy,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),ion chromatography(IC),Raman spectrometry(Raman)and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry mapping(SEM-EDS mapping)were applied to analyze the corrosion on six representative samples of bronzes excavated from Yejiashan Cemetery of the early Western Zhou Dynasty.The results show that the burial environment of most tombs in Yejiashan Cemetery is neutral to weakly acid and low in chlorine,which protected bronzes from corrosion.The structures of the corrosion products are complicated,consistent with the results from the water-corrosion imitating experiments.The only tomb having an alkaline and rich-chlorine environment is M46.The powdery corrosion products of the sample from this tomb contains harmful corrosion belonging to the typeⅡ“coarse surface”,which suggests that some effective measures should be taken to protect bronzes from this tomb.This study combines Raman spectrometry and SEM-EDS mapping analysis to indicate the corrosion layers of ancient Chinese bronzes;the results show that the methods could be applied to investigate the corrosion layer structure of bronzes quickly,efficiently and specifically.

关 键 词：叶家山墓地 锈层 拉曼 扫描电镜能谱面扫描分析 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]