面向渔业物联网的GPS相对定位策略  

GPS relative positioning strategies for the fishery Internet of Things

作　　者：曹守启[1] 禹松 张铮 Cao Shouqi;Yu Song;Zhang Zheng(College of Engineering Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学工程学院,上海201306

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第10期158-165,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：十三五“蓝色粮仓科技创新”国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900800);上海市科委“创新行动计划”(17050502000)。

摘　　要：现代渔业养殖朝着精细化的方向发展,渔业物联网的应用越来越广泛。对于部署的终端节点,除了需要获取环境感知信息,还必需获取节点的位置信息,这样采集数据才有应用价值。该研究提出了一种面向渔业物联网应用的基于LoRa(Long Range)网络的低成本GPS(Global Positioning System)相对定位方法。首先通过误差分析建立相对定位策略数据模型,然后设计了基于LoRa网络的相对定位方法和改进的时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access,TDMA)传输策略,实现了高精度定位和高能效数据传输,最后设计了LoRa物联网硬件节点并在近海渔场进行了部署测试,试验数据表明了该文提出方法的有效性与可靠性。在采用低成本GPS商用模块的情况下,距离网关1000和499 m的终端节点的平均定位精度由10 m分别提高到4.8和2.4 m,数据投递率由80%提高到95%以上。Modern fishery farming is developing in the direction of refinement,and the application of the Internet of Things in fisheries is becoming more and more widely used.For the deployed terminal nodes,in addition to the need to obtain environmental awareness information,it is also necessary to obtain the location information of the node,so that the collected data have application value.Moreover,the higher the positioning accuracy of the node,the better the evaluation of the environmental state and the task execution,especially for the node with a buoy as the carrier.At present,the positioning accuracy of Global Positioning System(GPS)technology widely used is about 10 m,the use of RTK differential technology obtain high positioning accuracy,but the equipment price is too high,so it is not very suitable for fishery application.In this study,a low-cost GPS relative positioning method based on the Long Range(LoRa)network was proposed.First,the relative positioning strategy data model was established through error analysis,and then the relative positioning method based on the LoRa network and improved the Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)transmission strategies were designed to achieve high-precision positioning and energy-efficient data transmission.The premise of the relative positioning of this study was that time synchronization could be achieved,GPS receiver provided accurate timing service,so before nodes started to locate,all nodes in the network were synchronized through GPS module,and every fixed cycle of synchronization operations,to ensure that all nodes had the same time benchmark.Gateways and terminals caused similar system errors due to atmospheric delay,convection,and ionosphere effects,and improved relative position accuracy through relative positioning calculation.The transmission of data based on the LoRa network was fully taken into account that LoRa was suitable for long-distance transmission,which was sufficient for applications in large fisheries environments.Secondly,the low power consumption of

关 键 词：水产养殖 物联网 GPS LoRa 时间同步 

分 类 号：TN929.5[电子电信—通信与信息系统] S951.2[电子电信—信息与通信工程]