稻麦联合收获机分段式脱粒装置设计与优化  

Design and optimization of segmented threshing device of combine harvester for rice and wheat

作　　者：滕悦江 金诚谦 陈艳普 刘鹏 印祥 王廷恩 俞康 Teng Yuejiang;Jin Chengqian;Chen Yanpu;Liu Peng;Yin Xiang;Wang Ting’en;Yu Kang(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255000 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第12期1-12,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-04-PS26);山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2018YF006)。

摘　　要：针对纵轴流联合收获机在收获稻麦时出现的脱粒不彻底、分离不完全等问题,该研究设计了一种分段式纵轴流脱粒分离装置。该装置主要由锥形脱粒滚筒、脱粒强度可调式凹板筛、360°分离式凹板筛、作业参数电控调节系统等构成。通过单因素试验,分别获得了脱粒强度可调式凹板筛的开关板针对小麦和水稻脱粒的最佳开关状态。为寻求装置作业参数对脱粒效果的影响规律及最优参数组合,进行了多目标优化试验。以滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、凹板筛分离间隙及喂入量作为影响因素,以破碎率、损失率、脱出物含杂率为试验指标,建立了破碎率、损失率、脱出物含杂率的数学模型。试验结果表明:各因素对破碎率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、凹板筛脱粒间隙、导流板角度、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙;对脱出物含杂率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙;对损失率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙。通过多目标参数优化分析,确定装置进行小麦脱粒的最优作业参数组合为脱粒滚筒转速905 r/min、导流板角度69°、凹板筛脱粒间隙18 mm、凹板筛分离间隙19 mm、喂入量4 kg/s。在该参数组合条件下进行了田间验证试验,结果表明,与常规纵轴流脱粒装置相比,整机作业破碎率由1.46%降为1.00%,含杂率由1.85%降为1.43%,损失率由1.72%降为1.20%,各指标实测值与模型优化值的相对误差均小于5%,满足国家相关标准要求。该装置有效解决了破碎率高、脱粒不干净、分离不彻底的问题,研究结果可为纵轴流联合收获机脱粒装置的结构改进和作业参数优化提供参考和依据。To solve the problems of low removal rate and incomplete separation for the current longitudinal-axial-flow combined harvester in the case of harvesting rice and wheat,a segmented longitudinal-axial-flow threshing device was designed in this paper.The threshing device mainly comprised a tapered threshing roller,a concave sieve with adjustable threshing strength,a 360°separation device and an electric control system for operating parameters.Through the single factor tests,the optimal switching states of the concave sieve with adjustable threshing strength for rice and wheat threshing was obtained respectively.In order to find out the influence rule of the working parameters of the device on the threshing effects and the optimal parameter combination,the multi-objective optimization tests were carried out.The rotational speed of roller,the angle of deflector,the threshing gap of concave sieve,the separation gap of concave sieve and the feeding rate were selected as the influence factors and the crushing rate,impurity rate and loss rate were selected as the test indexes.The test results showed that the significant sequence of influence of threshing parameters on the crushing rate was the rotational speed of roller,the threshing gap of concave sieve,the angle of deflector,the feeding rate,the separation gap of concave sieve.The significant sequence of influence of threshing parameters on impurity rate was the rotational speed of roller,the angle of deflector,the threshing gap of concave sieve,the feeding rate,the separation gap of concave sieve.The significant sequence of influence of threshing parameters on loss rate was the rotational speed of roller,the angle of deflector,the threshing gap of concave sieve,the feeding rate,the separation gap of concave sieve.Through multi-objective parameter optimization analysis,the optimal working parameters combination for wheat threshing were determined that the rotational speed of roller was 905 r/min,the angle of deflector was 69°,the threshing gap of concave sieve was 18

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 优化 稻麦联合收获机 脱粒装置 作业参数 破碎率 含杂率 损失率 

分 类 号：S225.31[农业科学—农业机械化工程]