钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻和常规粳稻丰产优质适宜施氮量分析  

Appropriate fertilizer-N application rate for high yield and premium quality of pot-seedling transplanted indica-japonica hybrid rice and conventional japonica rice

作　　者：吴汉 张津 时强强 何海兵[1] 柯健[1] 尤翠翠[1] 朱德泉[2] 武立权[1,3] Wu Han;Zhang Jin;Shi Qiangqiang;He Haibing;Ke Jian;You Cuicui;Zhu Dequan;Wu Liquan(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;College of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036 [3]江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第11期110-118,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300904);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085MC67,1808085QC70);安徽省攻关项目(1804h07020150)。

摘　　要：研究钵苗摆栽下籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻丰产优质施氮量及综合效益,提出安徽沿江地区钵苗摆栽下适宜粳稻类型及施氮量。于2016-2017年连续2 a开展大田试验,以当地主栽籼粳杂交稻甬优1540和常规粳稻镇稻18为供试品种,设置0、195、255、315、375 kg/hm^2共5个氮肥水平(分别用N0、N195、N255、N315、N375表示),研究不同施氮水平对钵苗摆栽下不同类型粳稻产量、品质、相关农艺性状及经济效益的影响。结果表明,籼粳杂交稻甬优15402 a均在N315处理下产量最高,达到10.30~11.55 t/hm^2。常规粳稻镇稻18各施氮处理下水稻产量无显著差异,产量为7.43~8.91 t/hm^2。增施氮肥,不同程度增加了2个品种的糙米率、精米率和蛋白质含量,提高了加工品质和营养品质,但垩白率和垩白度整体有所提高,直链淀粉含量增高,不利于外观品质和食味的改善。甬优1540在N315处理下的整精米率与N375无差异,且在N315处理下的垩白度与N195无显著差异。另外,镇稻18在N195处理下的整精米率、蛋白质含量、垩白度和直链淀粉含量与其他氮肥处理无显著差异。钵苗摆栽下籼粳杂交稻丰产优质施氮量为315 kg/hm^2,常规粳稻为195 kg/hm^2。在适氮水平下,钵苗摆栽甬优1540较镇稻18提高水稻产量22.9%~23.2%,整精米率2.15%~4.50%,蛋白质含量30.44%~37.41%,经济效益51.07%~53.33%,同时降低垩白度9.52%~13.73%。总的来说,在适宜氮肥水平下,钵苗摆栽下籼粳杂交稻较常规粳稻提高了水稻产量、品质和经济效益。Compared with conventional Japonica rice,the grain yield of Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling transplanting is more advantageous.However,there are few studies on its quality effect under high nitrogen application rate.A field experiment was performed to investigate the effects of five fertilizer-N application rates(0,195,255,315,375 kg/hm^2 represented by N0,N195,N255,N315,N375)on grain yield,rice quality,agronomic traits and economic benefit of Yongyou1540(Indica-Japonica hybrid rice)and Zhendao18(conventional Japonica rice),which are local main cultivars,in 2016 and 2017.Due to increase in leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate after the panicle initiation,dry matter accumulation,increase in the number of spikelets per panicle,the filled grain rate and thousand-grain weight were ensured,the grain yield of Yongyou1540 under N315 was the highest at 11.55 t/hm^2(2016)and 10.30 t/hm^2(2017).No significant difference was found for rice yield of conventional japonica rice Zhendao18 among different nitrogen application rates,with grain yield of 8.49-8.91 t/hm^2 and 7.43-7.91 t/hm^2 in 2016 and 2017.When the nitrogen application rate was less than 315 kg/hm^2,the dry matter accumulation at the maturity stage and leaf area index at the heading stage of Yongyou1540 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.When the nitrogen application rate exceeded 315 kg/hm^2,it continued to increase and even had a downward trend.Increased application of nitrogen fertilizer improved the milling quality by increasing the brown rice rate,milled rice rate,and improved nutritional quality by increasing the protein content of the two varieties.However,the chalkiness and chalkiness degree increased and the amylose content decreased.The head rice rate of Yonyou1540 under N315 was 74.17%and 69.97%in 2016 and 2017,and they were not significantly different from N375.The chalkiness(11.00%,17.33%)under N315 had no significant difference with N195.In addition,the percentage of head rice,protein content,chalkiness and a

关 键 词：氮 肥料 蛋白质 钵苗摆栽 籼粳杂交稻 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S511[农业科学—农业工程]