大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点  

Characteristics of macro-fouling communities on offshore discus buoys

作　　者：林明晴 严文侠[1] 曹文浩[1,3] 严涛 Lin Mingqing;Yan Wenxia;Cao Wenhao;Yan Tao(Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《海洋学报》2020年第6期83-89,共7页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41176102);广东省海洋和渔业发展专项(A201701C06);固体润滑国家重点实验室开放课题(LSL-1813)。

摘　　要：为了解大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点,对布设在珠江口东南海域和北部湾东北部海域的4个圆盘浮标的大型附着生物群落进行分析研究。结果表明,浮标侧壁大型附着生物的丰度和生物量分别为400.00~78 296.00 ind./m2和659.42~62 276.00 g/m2,底部的丰度和生物量则为412.00~66 585.00 ind./m2和1 861.60~60 784.00 g/m2,多数情况下浮标底部大型附着生物的丰度和生物量高于侧壁。浮标底部的香农-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)介于2.39~3.06之间,马格列夫(Margalef)丰富度指数(d)为4.02~6.98,皮洛(Pielou)均匀度指数(J′)为0.88~0.91;而浮标侧壁的H′为0.64~2.79,d为1.10~4.89,J′为0.58~0.96,其中H′和d均表现出底部高于侧壁。聚类分析和非度量多维标度分析结果表明,在30%的相似性水平上,可将各站位浮标侧壁和底部的大型附着生物群落分为4个群组,其中浮标底部基本上可归成1个群组,但浮标侧壁之间差异较大。单因子相似性分析和相似性百分比结果则显示,浮标侧壁和底部的生物群落结构存在明显差异,蔓足类和刺胞动物应是造成该差异的主要因素。总体来看,浮标底部相对于浮标侧壁更易被大型附着生物污损。To elucidate the characteristics of macro-fouling communities on discus buoys,an assessment was conducted on 4 buoys deployed in offshore waters southeast of the Zhujiang River Delta and the northeastern Beibu Gulf,respectively.The abundance and biomass of macro-fouling organisms colonizing the side of buoys were 400.00−78296.00 ind./m2 and 659.42−62276.00 g/m2,respectively,whereas those on the bottom were 412.00−66585.00 ind./m2 and 1861.60−60784.00 g/m2.At most stations,the abundance and biomass of macro-fouling organisms on the bottom of buoys were higher than on the side.The diversity index(H′)on the bottom of buoys ranged from 2.39 to 3.06,the richness index(d)from 4.02 to 6.98 and the evenness index(J′)from 0.88 to 0.91;and those on the side of buoys were from 0.64 to 2.79,1.10 to 4.89 and 0.58 to 0.96,respectively.Both of the H′and the d on the bottom of buoys were higher than on the side.According to the results of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling,the macro-fouling communities of buoys could be clustered into 4 groups at 30%similarity.Of them,the communities on the bottom of the buoys could be basically clustered into a group while those on the sides varied with locations.Moreover,one-way Analysis of Similarities and Similarity Percentages-Species Contributions not only indicated that the macro-fouling community structure differed significantly between the side and bottom of the offshore buoys but also highlighted that the cirripedians and cnidarians made the greatest contribution to the difference.Overall,macro-fouling organisms preferentially colonized the bottom of discus buoys rather than the side.

关 键 词：大型附着生物 群落结构 圆盘浮标 污损 

分 类 号：P714.5[天文地球—海洋科学] Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]