青海省玛沁县野外棘球绦虫犬科动物粪便污染调查  

Echinococcus eggs in canine feces in wild areas of Maqin County,Qinghai Province

作　　者：魏思慧 伍卫平 韩帅 薛垂召 刘白雪 王旭 巩文词 崔小玉 付梅花 WEI Si-hui;WU Wei-ping;HAN Shuai;XUE Chui-zhao;LIU Bai-xue;WANG Xu;GONG Wen-ci;CUI Xiao-yu;FU Mei-hua(National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,Ministry of Science and Technology,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,Ministry of Health,Shanghai,China 200025)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,国家热带病研究中心,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海200025

出　　处：《中国病原生物学杂志》2020年第5期568-574,579,共8页Journal of Pathogen Biology

摘　　要：目的了解青海省玛沁县野外棘球绦虫犬科动物粪便污染情况,为制定相关防治策略提供依据。方法于2018年10月-2019年9月对玛沁县雪山乡和大武乡沿乡道按机械抽样抽取调查点,记录调查点坐标、犬科动物粪数(份)、牧场类型、地形类型、植被类型、植被覆盖度等信息,以及调查点坡向数据。采集调查点内犬科动物粪便,采用ELISA法检测粪抗原,应用2检验、Fisher确切概率法、Kruskal-wallis秩和检验、Nemenyi法分析棘球绦虫感染犬科动物粪便污染情况。结果共选取116个调查点,51.72%(60/116)的调查点有犬科动物粪便分布,其中阳性粪便分布率为10.34%(12/116)。共收集终宿主粪样252份,经ELISA检测粪抗原阳性率为6.35%(16/252)。其中雪山乡粪抗原阳性率和阳性粪便密度分别为11.76%(12/102)和2.31个/10000m2,大武乡分别为2.67%(4/150)和2.08个/10000m2,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。狐、狼、犬粪抗原阳性率分别为3.73%(6/161)、6.67%(2/30)和13.11%(8/61),犬、狐比较粪抗原阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论青海省玛沁县野外棘球绦虫终宿主粪便污染严重,表现出狐狸粪便分布广、犬粪抗原阳性率高的特点,急需开展对野外犬科动物的驱虫。Objective To ascertain the contamination of canine feces with Echinococcus and to provide a basis for formulating relevant control strategies in Maqing County,Qinghai Province.Methods Survey points along the township road in the townships of Xueshan and Dawu of Maqing County were selected using mechanical sampling in October 2018 to September 2019.The coordinates of survey points,the number of canine stools,the type of pasture,the type of terrain,the type of vegetation,vegetation coverage,and incline were recorded for survey points.Contamination of canine feces with Echinococcus was analyzed using aχ2 test,Fisher’s exact probability test,Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test,and Nemenyi procedure.Results A total of 116 survey sites were selected,and 51.72%(60/116)had canine feces.The distribution of canine feces contaminated with Echinococcus was 10.34%(12/116).A total of 252 fecal samples from the definitive host were collected,and feces tested positive for antigens at a rate of 6.35%according to ELISA(16/252).Feces tested positive for antigens at a rate of 11.76%(12/102)and the density of contaminated feces was 2.31/10000 m2 in Xueshan Township versus 2.67%(4/150)and 2.08/10000 m2 in Dawu Township.The rate of antigen detection in feces and the density of contaminated feces differed significantly(P<0.05).The rate of antigen detection in feces was 3.73%(6/161)in foxes,6.67%(2/30)in wolves,and 13.11%(8/61)in dogs.The rate of antigen detection in feces differed significantly between dogs and foxes(P<0.05).Conclusion The feces of definitive hosts are seriously contaminated with Echinococcus in Maqing County,Qinghai Province.Echinococcus is widely distributed(e.g.it was found in fox feces)and there are high levels of antigens in dog feces.Wild dogs need to be promptly dewormed.

关 键 词：棘球蚴病 终宿主 粪便污染 野外环境 

分 类 号：R383.33[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]