一种基于量子GHZ态的防窃听网络编码  

Anti-eavesdropping Network Coding Based on Quantum GHZ State

作　　者：徐光宪[1] 崔俊杰 XU Guang-xian;CUI Jun-jie(School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Huludao,Liaoning 125105,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学电子与信息工程学院,辽宁葫芦岛125105

出　　处：《计算机科学》2020年第7期314-321,共8页Computer Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAH12F02);辽宁省高等学校杰出青年学者成长计划项目(LJQ2014029)。

摘　　要：经典网络编码在传输过程中的编码效率低,容易被窃听。虽然Hayashi提出的在发送端共享EPR的方式提高了信息传输过程中的编码效率,但其不能实现传输信息的完全恢复,也没有对信息进行安全处理,信息很容易被窃听。为此,文中提出了基于GHZ三粒子最大纠缠态,利用量子的不可克隆定理及隐形传态技术来防止信息被窃听的量子网络编码方案。首先,从经典的蝶形网络编码出发,在发送端对待发送粒子与GHZ态粒子进行直积操作;其次,对运算后的粒子进行Bell测量,并根据测量结果得到预编码信息,再将预编码信息传输给中间节点;然后,在接收端引入用于测量的辅助粒子,对接收到的粒子进行量子纠缠运算,并对粒子簇进行联合幺正运算;最后,依据编码信息选取相应的酉矩阵对粒子簇进行恢复。实验数据表明,基于GHZ态的量子网络编码在单次传输成功率上有了明显的提高,在编码效率上只需6个量子比特即可完成量子信息在蝶形网络中的交叉传输;在安全性方面,其提升了信息是否被窃听的可检测概率。实验数据充分表明,所提方案提高了网络编码系统的编码效率,有效地解决了信息传输的窃听问题。The coding efficiency of classical network coding is inefficient during transmission and easy to be bugged.Although Hayashi’s proposal of sharing EPR at the transmitter improves the coding efficiency for information transmission,it can not rea-lize the complete recovery of transmitted information,and the information is not safely disposed,so it is easy to be bugged.To this end,based on the three-particle maximally entangled GHZ state,a quantum network coding scheme is proposed to prevent information being eavesdropped by using the quantum no-cloning theorem and teleportation.Starting from the classical butterfly network coding,the direct product operation is carried out on particles to be sent and the GHZ state particles at the sending end.Then bell measurement is performed on the calculated particles,and the precoding information can be obtained according to the measurement results.The precoding information is transmitted to intermediate nodes,and auxiliary particles used for measurement are introduced at the receiving end.Then,quantum entanglement computation is performed on the received particles,and joint unitary operation is performed on particle clusters.Finally,based on the coding information,corresponding unitary matrix is selected to restore particle clusters.Experimental data shows that the single transmission success rate of GHZ-based quantum network coding has been significantly improved,in terms of encoding efficiency,the cross transmission of quantum information in the butterfly network can be completed with only 6 qubits.In terms of security,the probability of detecting whether the information is bugged has improved.It proves that the proposed scheme improves the coding efficiency of the network coding system and effectively solves the bugging problem of information transmission.

关 键 词：网络编码 不可克隆 隐形传态 量子网络编码 窃听攻击 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]