淋洗条件下不同改良剂对浙江东部滨海盐碱土的改良效果  

Effect of different ameliorants on coastal saline-alkali soil in eastern Zhejiang under elution conditions

作　　者：项子宸 修海峰 马琨 杨梢娜 钟斌 马嘉伟 阮泽斌 金文豪 曹韩 李雅倩 金皋琪 骆文轩 柳丹 XIANG Zichen;XIU Haifeng;MA Kun;YANG Shaona;ZHONG Bin;MA Jiawei;RUAN Zebin;JIN Wenhao;CAO Han;LI Yaqian;JIN Gaoqi;LUO Wenxuan;LIU Dan(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province,School of Environment&Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Northern Development and Construction Management Office of Daishan County,Daishan 316200,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Zhenong Agricultural Venture Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311300,China;Zhoushan Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute,Zhoushan 316000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学,亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州311300 [2]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室,杭州311300 [3]岱山县北部开发建设管理处,浙江岱山316200 [4]浙江浙农创投科技有限公司,杭州311300 [5]舟山市农林科学研究院,浙江舟山316000

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第3期344-359,共16页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31670617);浙江省科技厅重点研发计划(2015C03020-2);浙江农林大学学生科研训练项目(KX20180085);浙江省地方技术服务项目(H20190170)。

摘　　要：以滨海盐碱土为研究对象,选用脱硫石膏、过磷酸钙、生物炭、煤渣、聚马来酸酐5种改良剂,均分别按1%、1.5%、2%的梯度进行土柱淋洗试验,研究不同改良剂对浙江东部滨海盐碱土壤盐化特征的影响和对土壤质量的改良效果,从而筛选出适合该区域盐碱土改良的方案。结果表明:1)淋洗后的0~10 cm土层中,1%煤渣和2%聚马来酸酐对降低土壤pH的效果最佳,1.5%和2%生物炭对土壤电导率和含盐量的改良效果最显著,电导率较对照分别下降了93.75%、84.72%,含盐量较对照分别减少了55.44%、44.04%;2)所有改良剂均能有效降低土壤钠吸附比,尤其是2%煤渣、2%聚马来酸酐、1.5%过磷酸钙的效果最显著;3)能够较好地改良土壤化学性质、提高土壤肥力的改良剂是2%过磷酸钙、2%生物炭、2%聚马来酸酐;4)不同改良剂对盐基阳离子的淋洗效率存在差异,1%和1.5%过磷酸钙分别显著降低了土壤中的K+、Ca2+和Mg2+含量,1%煤渣对土壤中Na+、K+淋洗效果最佳,1.5%和2%生物炭分别显著降低了土壤中Na+和Mg2+含量,1%和2%聚马来酸酐分别显著降低了土壤中Na+和Ca2+、Mg2+含量。总体而言,施用1.5%聚马来酸酐、1.5%或2%生物炭对浙江东部滨海盐碱土壤脱盐培肥的改良效果最好。With the coastal saline-alkali soil as the research object,we carried out a soil column leaching experiment by using desulfurized gypsum,calcium superphosphate,biochar,coal cinder and polymaleic anhydride, all with concentration gradients of 1%, 1.5% and 2%, without adding soil ameliorants as controls. Theeffects of different ameliorants on salinization characteristics and soil quality of coastal saline-alkali soil ineastern Zhejiang were studied, and the suitable ameliorants for the improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil wereselected. The results showed that: 1) In the 0-10 cm soil layer after eluting, 1% coal cinder and 2% polymaleicanhydride had the most significant improvement effect for decreasing soil pH. The improvements of soil electricconductivity (EC) and salinity were the most significant in the 1.5% and 2% biochar treatments. The EC decreasedby 93.75% and 84.72% compared with the CK, and the salinity decreased by 55.44% and 44.04% compared withthe CK. 2) Soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) decreased when the ameliorants were added, among which the 2%coal cinder, 2% polymaleic anhydride, 1.5% calcium superphosphate had the most significant improvement effect.3) Soil chemical properties and fertility could be improved by the 2% calcium superphosphate, 2% biochar, 2%polymaleic anhydride. 4) Different ameliorants had different leaching efficiencies for salt-based cations: 1% and1.5% calcium superphosphate could significantly reduce potassium, calcium and magnesium ion contents in thesoil, respectively;1% coal cinder had the best effect on sodium and potassium ion contents in the leaching soil;1.5% and 2% biochars significantly reduced sodium and magnesium ion contents in the soil, respectively;and 1%and 2% polymaleic anhydride significantly reduced sodium and calcium, magnesium ion contents in the soil,respectively. In conclusion, 1.5% polymaleic anhydride, 1.5% or 2% biochar have the best effect of desalting andfertilizing on the coastal saline-alkali soil in eastern Zhejiang.

关 键 词：滨海盐碱土 改良剂 土壤肥力 淋洗 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S156.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]