天津市255172名3~6岁幼儿园儿童体格发育情况  

Analysis on the physical development of 255 172 children(3-6 years old) in kindergartens of Tianjin

作　　者：乔毅娟[1] 张涛[1] 刘恩庆[1] 潘蕾[1] 王岳[1] 刘宏彦[1] 王舒婷[1] 刘瑾[1] 郭璐 冷俊宏[1] QIAO Yi-juan;ZHANG Tao;LIU En-qing;PAN Lei;WAND Yue;LIU Hong-yan;WANG Shu-ting;LIU Jin;GUO Lu;LENG Jun-hong(Children Health Administration Department of Tianjin Women and Children Health Center,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市妇女儿童保健中心儿保指导科,天津300070

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2020年第6期423-427,共5页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目-互联网跨界融合创新科技重大专项(18ZXRHSY00220)。

摘　　要：目的了解天津市3~6岁在园儿童体格发育水平,分析不同性别、年龄、地区儿童肥胖和营养不良(包括消瘦、生长迟缓和低体重)检出情况。方法于2019年3—6月对天津市16个区,1594所幼儿园的255172名3~6岁儿童进行常规定期体检,采用统一的方法进行身高、体重测量,依据世界卫生组织2006年的生长发育标准进行儿童体格发育评价。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行χ2检验。结果天津市幼儿园3、4、5和6岁儿童的平均体重分别为(16.3±2.3)、(18.4±2.9)、(20.9±4.0)和(23.7±5.0)kg,平均身高分别为(101.6±4.5)、(108.0±4.8)、(114.6±5.3)和(120.6±5.4)cm,平均BMI分别为(15.8±1.5)、(15.7±1.7)、(15.8±2.1)和(16.2±2.5)kg/m2。肥胖检出率为8.2%,消瘦检出率为1.5%,生长迟缓检出率为0.5%,低体重检出率为0.5%。男童肥胖检出率(10.8%)远高于女童(5.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同年龄儿童肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),随年龄增长肥胖检出率显著上升,6岁组肥胖检出率(12.2%)是3岁组(4.8%)的2.5倍。不同年龄儿童消瘦和生长迟缓检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),消瘦检出率随年龄增长而上升,生长迟缓检出率随年龄增长而降低。不同地区儿童肥胖和营养不良检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),市内6区肥胖的检出率最低,远郊5区肥胖和营养不良的检出率均最高。结论天津市幼儿园3~6岁儿童营养不良的检出率较低,肥胖检出率较高,肥胖已取代营养不良成为天津市学龄前儿童体格发育的主要问题。远郊童肥胖检出率已超过市区,应加强天津市尤其是农村地区幼儿园儿童肥胖的预防和干预工作。Objective To understand the physical development level of 3-6 years old children in Tianjin,and to analyze the prevalence of obesity and malnutrition(including thinness,stunting and low weight)among children of different genders,ages and areas.Methods From March to June of 2019,2551723-6 years old children from 1594 kindergartens in 16 districts of Tianjin were examined regularly.Their height and weight were measured by a unified method,and their physical development was evaluated according to the growth and development standard of the World Health Organization in 2006.Theχ2 test was used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 21.0.Results The average body weights of 3,4,5 and 6-year-old children in Tianjin were(16.3±2.3),(18.4±2.9),(20.9±4.0)and(23.7±5.0)kg,respectively;the average heights were(101.6±4.5),(108.0±4.8),(114.6±5.3)and(120.6±5.4)cm,respectively;the average BMI were(15.8±1.5),(15.7±1.7),(15.8±2.1)and(16.2±2.5)kg/m2,respectively.The morbidity of obesity was 8.2%,the rate of thinness was 1.5%,stunting rate was 0.5%and low weight rate was 0.5%.The obesity rate(10.8%)of male children was significantly higher that(5.5%)of female children(P<0.01).There was significant difference of obesity rate among different age groups(P<0.01),the obesity rate increased with age,the obesity rate(12.2%)in the 6-year-old group was 2.5 times that(4.8%)of the 3-year-old group.There were significant differences of thinness and stunting rates among different age groups(P<0.01),the thinness rate increased with age,and the stunting rate decreased with age.There were significant differences of obesity and malnutrition rates in different areas(P<0.01).The detection rate of obesity in six urban districts was the lowest,and the obesity and malnutrition rates in five rural districts were the highest.Conclusion The detected rates of malnutrition were lower and the detected rates of obesity were higher in 3-6 years old children of kindergartens in Tianjin.Obesity has replaced malnutrition as the main problem of phy

关 键 词：儿童 体格发育 肥胖 营养不良 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]