喀斯特高原退化生态系统不同类型土壤中的几种重金属分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of several heavy metals in different types of soil in karst plateau degraded ecosystem

作　　者：高琴 罗绪强 张桂玲[2,3] 陈颖 牟银[1] 赵升 田蓉 管海洋 GAO Qin;LUO Xu-qiang;ZHANG Gui-ling;CHEN Ying;MOU Yin;ZHAO Sheng;TIAN Rong;GUAN Hai-yang(School of Geography and Resources,Guizhou Education University,Guiyang 550018,Guizhou,China;School of Chemistry and Materials Science,Guizhou Education University,Guiyang 550018,Guizhou,China;Karst Ecosystem Observation Research Station in Puding,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Puding 562100,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed,Guiyang 550018,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范学院地理与资源学院,贵州贵阳550018 [2]贵州师范学院化学与材料学院,贵州贵阳550018 [3]中国科学院普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,贵州普定562100 [4]贵州省流域地理国情监测重点实验室,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期11-15,共5页Journal of Guiyang University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：贵州师范学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目(项目编号:2018520498);贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养对象专项资金项目(项目编号:黔科合人字[2015]21号);贵州省高层次创新型人才资金项目(项目编号:黔人领发[2015]3号)。

摘　　要：为探讨喀斯特高原退化生态系统不同类型土壤的重金属含量及其分布特征,以贵州省清镇市王家寨小流域为例,选取流域内不同植被类型的黄壤和石灰土为研究对象,分别对其表层土壤重金属Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni含量进行了测定分析。结果表明:(1)流域内表层土壤重金属Mn,Zn,Ni,Cu含量的平均值在黄壤区分别为1365.12 mg·kg^-1、173.57 mg·kg^-1、45.65 mg·kg^-1和22.05 mg·kg^-1,在石灰土区分别为1663.72 mg·kg^-1、323.10 mg·kg^-1、29.97 mg·kg^-1和14.38 mg·kg^-1。(2)无论是石灰土区还是黄壤区,Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni含量在相同植被类型不同坡位间和在相同坡位不同植被类型间的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(3)研究区稀疏灌草丛表层土壤中的Mn和Ni、灌丛表层土壤中的Ni和Cu;次生乔灌林表层土壤中的Cu和Zn均具有显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。(4)石灰土区的Zn含量已超过我国农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,该区域的Zn对植物生长或土壤生态环境可能存在风险,应采取安全利用措施。In order to investigate the content and distribution of heavy metals in different types of soils in the karst plateau degraded ecosystem,we conducted researches within the small catchment,which belong to the Wangjiazhai peak-cluster depression basin,located in Qingzhen city,Guizhou province.The yellow soil and calcareous soil with different vegetation types in the watershed were selected as research objects,and the heavy metals Mn,Cu,Zn,and Ni in the surface soils were measured and analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the average contents of Mn,Zn,Ni,and Cu in the yellow soil area were 1365.12 mg·kg^-1,173.57 mg·kg^-1,45.65 mg·kg^-1,and 22.05 mg·kg^-1 respectively.However,in the calcareous soil area,they were 1663.72 mg·kg^-1,323.10 mg·kg^-1,29.97 mg·kg^-1,and 14.38 mg·kg^-1 respectively.(2)Regardless of the calcareous soil area or the yellow soil area,the differences in Mn,Cu,Zn,and Ni contents between different slope positions of the same vegetation type and between different vegetation types on the same slope position were not significant(P>0.05).(3)Significant positive correlations were found between Mn and Ni in the surface soil of thin shrub-grassland,Ni and Cu in the surface soils of shrubs,and Cu and Zn in the surface soils of secondary tree shrub forests(P<0.05).(4)The content of Zn in the calcareous soil area has exceeded the screening value of the risk of soil pollution in agricultural land in China.Zn in this area may pose risks to plant growth or soil ecological environment.Therefore,safe utilization measures should be taken.

关 键 词：喀斯特高原 植物群落 黄壤 石灰土 重金属 分布特征 

分 类 号：S158.4[农业科学—土壤学] X142[农业科学—农业基础科学]