泛在电力物联网下虚拟电厂的研究现状与展望  

Research Status and Trends of Virtual Power Plants Under Electrical Internet of Things

作　　者：刘东[1] 樊强 尤宏亮 戴欣 黄玉辉[1] 邵宗卫 LIU Dong;FAN Qiang;YOU Hongliang;DAI Xin;HUANG Yuhui;SHAO Zongwei(School of Electronic Info.and Electrical Eng.,Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.,Shanghai 200240,China;Huai’an Power Supply Co.,State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.Ltd.,Huai’an 223001,China;Nanjing Dianyan Power Automation Holding Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210061,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院,上海200240 [2]国网江苏省电力有限公司淮安供电分公司,江苏淮安223001 [3]特变电工南京电研电力自动化股份有限公司,江苏南京210061

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2020年第4期3-12,共10页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB2100100);国网江苏省电力公司科技项目(J2017124)。

摘　　要：可再生能源的规模化接入与应用是泛在电力物联网的基础性特征之一,其固有的不确定性一方面会给电网的安全稳定运行带来影响,另一方面导致其无法直接加入电力市场运营。虚拟电厂作为一种多能源的聚合模式,可对分布式可再生能源进行协同控制,并以一个集合体的形式参与电力市场,对于实现泛在电力物联网建设内容中提升电网安全经济运行水平以及促进清洁能源消纳具有重要意义。国内外对虚拟电厂的研究由来已久,欧洲FENIX项目虚拟电厂以实现分布式电源可靠并网和电力市场运营为目标,而北美的虚拟电厂主要基于需求响应计划,所以虚拟电厂聚合了大量可控负荷。在中国,国网冀北电力公司虚拟电厂示范工程兼顾考虑“源-网-荷-储”的互动,将泛在可调资源聚合为可与电网柔性互动的互联网电厂。在此基础上,首先分析了虚拟电厂在协调控制、优化调度、参与电力市场交易3个方面的研究现状。虚拟电厂的协调控制对象主要包括各种分布式电源、储能系统、可控负荷以及电动汽车,协调控制方式主要分为集中式控制和分散式控制。在集中式控制下,虚拟电厂的全部决策由中央控制单元制定;在分散式控制下,虚拟电厂的决策由各个代理系统取代。虚拟电厂的优化调度是指在满足各机组出力约束和网络约束的前提下,以收益最大化、运行成本最小、碳排放最小为目标,对自身内部多个电源的容量配置或出力进行优化调度,或者将虚拟电厂作为一个整体参与电网调度。此外,虚拟电厂利用其先进的通信技术在参与电力市场交易时能够快速响应市场电价变化、负荷需求变化,对促进电力市场自由化、增加市场灵活度、引导用户调峰调频等方面起到重要的作用。其次,详细阐述了泛在电力物联网下虚拟电厂的关键技术,包括“边缘-云”计算架构、区块The large-scale access and application of renewable energy is one of the basic features of the Electrical Internet of Things(EIoT).Its inherent uncertainty will affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid on the one hand,and on the other hand,it cannot directly participate in the electricity market.As a multi-energy aggregation model,virtual power plant(VPP)can coordinate and control distributed energy resource(DER)and participate in the electricity market in the form of an aggregation,which is of great significance for improving the safe and economic operation level of power grid and promoting clean energy consumption in the construction content of EIoT.The research on VPP has a long history both at home and abroad.In the European FENIX project,VPPs are aimed at achieving the goal of reliable grid connection and electricity market operation of DERs,and VPPs in North America are mainly based on demand response and aggregate a large number of controllable loads.In China,State Grid Jibei Electric Power Company’s VPP demonstration project takes into account the interaction of“source-grid-load-storage”,and aggregates ubiquitous adjustable resources into an Internet power plant that can interact flexibly with the power grid.On this basis,the research status of VPP in three aspects of coordination control,optimal dispatch and participation in electricity market transactions was first analyzed.The coordination control objects of VPP mainly include various DERs,energy storage system,controllable loads as well as electric vehicles.The coordination control methods are mainly divided into centralized control and decentralized control.Under centralized control,all decisions of VPP are made by the central control unit.In decentralized control,the decision of VPP is replaced by each agent system.The optimal dispatch of VPP refers to the optimization of the capacity configuration or output of multiple internal DERs or participation in power grid scheduling as a whole under the premise of meeting the output cons

关 键 词：泛在电力物联网 虚拟电厂 电力市场 协调控制 

分 类 号：TM76[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]