3种禾草水提取液对其种子发芽和幼苗生长的潜在化感作用  

Potential allelopathic effects of water extracts of three grasses on germination of their own seeds and seedling growth

作　　者：梁军 全小龙 张杰雪 史惠兰 段中华 乔有明 LIANG Jun;QUAN Xiao-long;ZHANG Jie-xue;SHI Hui-lan;DUAN Zhong-hua;QIAO You-ming(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Ecol-Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海大学生态环境工程学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第7期81-89,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重大研发计划(2017YFC0504803);国家自然科学基金(31760691);高等学校学科创新引智计划(D18013)资助。

摘　　要：研究禾草的化感潜力对于揭示高寒地区多年生人工草地的退化机理具有重要的理论和现实意义。目的是探讨垂穗披碱草、冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅的潜在化感作用。利用3种植物的整株和粉末分别制备了水提取液,采用室内生物测试法研究了3种多年生禾草水提取液对其种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:垂穗披碱草整株浸提液显著降低了垂穗披碱草、冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅的发芽率(P<0.05),较对照分别下降了10.6、7.0和21.4个百分点,对3种禾草幼苗生长均有抑制作用;冷地早熟禾整株浸提液显著抑制了垂穗披碱草、冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅幼苗的根长,抑制率分别为41.9%,61.5%和32.1%;中华羊茅整株浸提液显著抑制了冷地早熟禾和垂穗披碱草幼苗干重(P<0.05),抑制率分别为51.2%和46.4%;垂穗披碱草、冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅粉末浸提液均能显著降低自身及其他植物的发芽率、发芽指数、苗高、根长以及干重(P<0.05)。3种禾草不同浸提液对自身及其他植物种子发芽和幼苗生长均具有自毒作用和化感效应,且粉末浸提液对3禾草的化感效应强于整株浸提液。3种禾草不同处理的浸提液对其种子发芽和幼苗生长的综合化感效应强弱表现为:冷地早熟禾>垂穗披碱草>中华羊茅。采用混播方式在高寒地区建立人工草地时要考虑种间的化感作用。Knowledge of the allelopathic potential of grass species is of great theoretical and practical significance for unraveling the degradation mechanisms in sown perennial pastures in alpine regions.The purpose of this study was to explore the potential allelopathic effects of Elymus nutans,Poa crymophila,and Festuca sinensis.Water extracts were prepared from whole plants and from plant powder of the perennial grass species.The effects of water extract on seed germination and seedling growth were investigated by laboratory bioassay.The whole plant extract of E.nutans significantly reduced the germination rate of E.nutans,P.crymophila and F.sinensis by 10.6,7.0 and 21.4 percentage points(P<0.05),respectively,compared with the control.Seedling growth of the three grass species was also inhibited by the extract.The whole plant extract of P.crymophila inhibited the root length of E.nutans,P.crymophila and F.sinensis seedlings,the inhibition rates were 41.9%,61.5%and 32.1%,respectively.The whole plant extract of F.sinensis significantly inhibited the dry weight of P.crymophila and E.nutans seedlings(P<0.05)by 51.2%and 46.4%,respectively.The powder extracts of E.nutans,P.crymophila,and F.sinensis significantly reduced(P<0.05)the germination rate,germination index,seedling height and root length of their own seeds and seedlings and those of other species.The different extracts of the three grasses had autotoxic and allelopathic effects on the germination and seedling growth of their own seeds and the those of other species,and the allelopathic effect of the powder extracts on the three grasses was stronger than that of whole plant extracts.A multivariate evaluation of the allelopathic effects of different extracts of the three grasses on their own seed germination and seedling growth of the other grass species ranked the allelopathic activity in the order:P.crymophila>E.nutans>F.sinensis.It is recommended to consider the inter-species allelopathic effect when establishing mixed seeding pasture in the Tibetan plateau area.

关 键 词：人工草地 种子发芽 幼苗生长 化感效应 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]