航天飞行口服补液方案研究分析  

Analysis of Fluid Loading Protocols Research for Spaceflight

作　　者：石宏志[1] 杜嵩 许东[1] 杨艳艳 刘建中[1] 刘栋 吴斌[1] Shi Hongzhi;Du Song;Xu Dong;Yang Yanyan;Liu Jianzhong;Liu Dong;Wu Bin(不详;China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2020年第3期258-265,共8页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室研究基金资助项目(SMFA16A02)。

摘　　要：航天飞行中体液头向分布引起的血浆容量减少是航天员飞行后立位耐力不良的重要诱因,在返回地球前进行口服补液已成为美国和俄罗斯航天飞行任务中的一项标准执行程序。通过回顾国外航天飞行后航天员体液与血浆容量变化情况,综述了美俄在轨飞行返回前口服补液方案及研究进展,比较了美俄方案的异同。美俄均采用等渗或接近等渗盐溶液,按乘员体重计算口服补液量。俄罗斯方案主要针对长期任务,航天员乘联盟飞船返回,用于对抗飞行后立位耐力不良;美国方案主要针对短期任务,航天员乘航天飞机返回,除用于对抗飞行后立位耐力不良外,同时防止再入期间+Gz加速度导致航天员意识丧失进而影响操作。针对国内外长期航天飞行任务返回阶段特点,对在轨口服补液饮品配置和执行方案进行分析,并利用地面试用实验初步验证了该方案的合理性和可行性。The decrease in plasma volume caused by the head ward fluid shift in space flight is an important cause of post-flight orthostatic intolerance of astronauts.Oral rehydration(fluid loading)prior to re-entry into the earth’s atmosphere has become a standard operational procedure in U.S.and Russian space missions.In this paper,the changes of body fluid and plasma volume of astronauts after space flight missions,the fluid loading protocols before returning to earth and research progress for US/Russia were reviewed,and the similarities and differences between US and Russian protocols were compared.Both the United States and Russia used the isotonic/approximately isotonic saline solution to execute fluid loading countermeasure and the volume of the solution was determined by the weight of the astronaut.The Russian protocol was mainly targeted for long-term missions and the Soyuz cosmonauts,and the objective was to counter the post-flight orthostatic intolerance.However,the US protocol was mainly targeted for short-term missions and space shuttle astronauts,and the objective was not only to counter the post-flight orthostatic intolerance but also to prevent loss of consciousness induced by+Gz acceleration during re-entry which may affect the astronauts’operation.According to the characteristics of the re-entry phase of long term space flight missions at home and abroad,some analysis were presented on the beverage configuration and implementation protocols of fluid loading.Moreover,the rationality and feasibility of the proposed protocols were preliminarily verified by aground trial.

关 键 词：航天员 口服补液 血浆容量 立位耐力不良 

分 类 号：R852.2[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]