“下乡”“离场”与“返乡”——新中国农村有线广播发展“三部曲”  

“Appearance” ,“Withdrawal” and “Return”:“Trilogy” of Development of Cable Broadcasting in the Countryside in PRC

作　　者：艾红红[1] AI Hong-hong

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学新闻学院,北京100024

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期95-103,172,共10页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新中国70年新闻传播史1949-2019”(19ZDA320)。

摘　　要：相比报刊、无线电广播和电视等大众媒介,有线广播的生产成本与接收门槛最低,集体收听的成效却十分显著,因而成了新中国政府重构农村信息环境的首选媒介,在参与乡村社会治理方面发挥了重要作用:改革开放前,有线广播大规模"下乡",使中央的声音直达农村,农民则借助收听广播实现了封闭乡村与外部世界的想象性整合。改革开放后,农村有线广播部分"离场",这既是国家媒体战略调整的产物,也是公权力尊重农民自主选择的结果。近年来,随着国家媒体政策与农村形势的变化,有线广播强势"返乡",大喇叭、小广播在很多村庄重新响起,并从"对农广播"向"农村广播"转变;其内嵌的核心思想,是国家对农村尤其是农民中弱势群体的关怀与守护。新中国农村有线广播的发展,是农村治理的一个缩影,也是党、政府与农村、农民关系的一种媒介隐喻。Compared with other mass media including press,radio broadcast and television,cable broadcasting has advantages over them with the lowest cost,the easiest access and the most significant results for many people listen to it.These advantages enable cable broadcasting to be the best option for government of People's Republic of China to reconstruct the information environment in the countryside.And it also plays an important role in governance of social governance in the countryside.A great many of cable broadcasting station were built before reform and open policy adopted in 1978,which help the central government directly connect with rural population.What's more,peasants could have a new understanding of national will and rural traditions.But some cable broadcasting stations“withdraw”from the countryside since 1978,owing to the adjustment of nation development strategy and independent choice of peasant themselves recognized by public power.As state-owned media and agriculture policy being adjusted in recent years,cable broadcasting,however,is widely covered in the countryside with a strong momentum,loudspeakers and small cable broadcasting stations being built once again in plenty of villages.This leads to a transformation from“broadcasting to rural population”to“countryside broadcast”,which embodies the concern of the government for the countryside in particular for those vulnerable groups.“Trilogy”of development of cable broadcasting in the countryside in PRC is not only an epitome of rural governance in China but also a media metaphor of the relationship among the government,countryside and farmers.

关 键 词：农村有线广播 国家媒体战略 农村社会治理 媒介隐喻 

分 类 号：G229.2[文化科学]