论唐代无主物法律制度  

On the Legal System of Res Nullius in the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：顾元[1] Gu Yuan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律史学研究院

出　　处：《中国法学》2020年第3期49-69,共21页China Legal Science

摘　　要：唐律"山野物已加功力辄取"与"占山野陂湖利"条是唐代建构无主物先占制度的基本条款。无主物原则上归先占者所有,但以"加功力"为根本要件。阑遗物、宿藏物、漂失物等,因其处于无人有效管领的事实状态,故被视为无主物加以法律拟制。唐代无主物立法务实灵活,以民本主义和物尽其用为基本价值依归,鼓励自然资源的利用开发,山川薮泽之利,"公私共之"。唐代以独特方式建构其无主物法律规范体系与秩序,体现了"中国经验"的特别旨趣,并为现代民事立法提供可能的史鉴价值。Two articles of the Tang Code, ’taking away the processed wild natural things without authorization’ and ’occupying the natural resources of mountain and lake’, are the basic clauses to construct the preemption system of res nullius in the Tang Dynasty. In principle, res nullius belongs to the preemptor with man-powered performance as the most essential prerequisite for the formation of preemption of res nullius. Because there is no one in charge of lost property, buried object, drift goods, and so on, they are regarded as res nullius by legal fiction. The legislation of res nullius in the Tang Dynasty was pragmatic and flexible, with people-oriented doctrine and making the best use of everything as the basic value criterion, and it encouraged the exploitation and utilization of natural resources. Namely, citizens and the state could share the benefits of mountains, rivers, lakes and other resources. The Tang Dynasty constructed its legal norm system and order of res nullius uniquely, embodying the special purport of China Experience, which provided possible historical reference value for modern civil legislation.

关 键 词：唐律 无主物 加功力 罗马法 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]