甘肃省居民自行购买非处方药品知信行现状调查  

Prevalence of self-medication and knowledge,attitude,practice about overthe-counter medicine among residents in Gansu province

作　　者：王芳 刘惠娟 王红娟 WANG Fang;LIU Hui-juan;WANG Hong-juan(Department of Pharmacy,Gansu Medical College,Pingliang,Gansu Province 744000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃医学院药学系,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2020年第6期933-937,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅项目——甘肃省高等学校科研项目一般项目(2018A–151)。

摘　　要：目的了解甘肃省普通居民自行购买非处方药品情况及相关知识、信念、行为,为制定非处方药品购买干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,随机选取甘肃省各市州常住居民为研究对象,于2017年7—12月进行入户调查,收回有效问卷3 111份。采用Epi Data 3.10建立数据库录入数据、SPSS 16.0软件描述分析居民自行购买非处方药品情况及相关知识、信念、行为发生率。结果近一年有自我用药行为的居民2 541人(81.8%);居民自行服用的药物主要来自正规药店(66.9%)和医院(43.6%),来自私人诊所占28.5%,凭处方到药店购买占16.1%,亲朋赠送的占15.2%。自行购药主要原因为疾病不严重(60.1%);城镇、男性居民及医护人员更信赖药师;家庭人口数、是否患慢性病对非处方药品认知存在差异(P <0.05);农村居民选药时倾向考虑药品价格,起居规律居民、医护人员倾向考虑药品不良反应,慢性病患者倾向考虑速效高效。结论甘肃省居民对非处方药品认知有限,不能理性消费药品,需特别关注农村居民、老年人、慢性病患者、女性等特殊群体购药理念,进一步规范药店布局,强化药师业务能力与职业素养。Objective To examine the prevalence of self-medication and knowledge,attitude,practice(KAP)about overthe-counter(OTC)medicine among general population in Gansu province and to provide evidences for developing interventions on OTC self-medication.Methods With stratified random cluster sampling,we recruited 3600 permanent residents in municipalities/prefectures across Gansu province and conducted a household questionnaire survey during July–December 2017.Epi Data 3.10 was used in data processing and SPSS 16.0 was adopted in data analyses.Results Among the 3111 residents with valid information,2541(81.8%)reported self-medication during previous one year.Of the residents with self-medication,66.9%,43.6%,and 28.5%took medicines from pharmacies,hospitals,and private clinics;16.1%bought the medicine from pharmacy with doctors′prescriptions and 15.2%took medicines presented by their relatives or friends;60.1%purchased the medicine without doctors′prescriptions for considerations of their minor illnesses.The residents living in urban regions,being male,and being medical personnel were more likely to have confidence in pharmacists when having medication.Family size and whether having a chronic disease were significant factors for knowledge about OTC among the residents(both P<0.05).When purchasing medicine for self-medication,the residents living in rural regions were more likely to consider the price of the medicine;the residents having regular daily life and being medical staff were more likely to pay attention to adverse effect of the medicine;and the residents with chronic disease were more likely to consider therapeutic effect of the medicine.Conclusion The residents in Gansu province are lack of knowledge about OTC and could not conduct self-medication rationally.More attentions should be paid to self-medication among specific populations such as rural residents,the aged,residents with chronic diseases and female residents.

关 键 词：甘肃省 居民 非处方药品 知识 信念 行为 

分 类 号：R181.35[医药卫生—流行病学]