2009—2018年宁夏流行性感冒流行特征  

Analysis on influenza surveillance data in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018

作　　者：孙伟[1] 高洁[1] 马莹[1] 黎晞 龚瑞[1] 马岳[1] 李涛[1] 董军强 SUN Wei;GAO Jie;MA Ying;LI Xi;GONG Rui;MA Yue;LI Tao;DONG Jun-qiang(Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Department,Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科,银川750004

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2020年第6期691-695,710,共6页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(2018YBZD0529);宁夏卫生计生系统重点研究课题(2018-NW-055)。

摘　　要：目的分析宁夏2009―2018年流行性感冒(简称流感)样病例的流行病学特征,揭示该地区流感的流行特点和规律,为今后的防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集整理2009―2018年宁夏地区流感样病例报告相关数据,利用Excel 2010软件和SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行整理和统计分析。结果 2009―2018年宁夏流感呈单峰流行,发病高峰集中在冬春季;10年间,发病水平呈上升趋势(χ^2趋势=0.30,P<0.001);宁夏五个市的平均流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)百分比(简称ILI%)差异有统计学意义(χ^2=0.199,P<0.001);<15岁人群流感样病例占比为56.08%;2009―2018年共检测ILI标本51 865份,阳性5 358份,阳性率为10.33%,以甲型流感病毒为主(占78.74%),但乙型流感病毒占比整体呈逐年递增的趋势;10年间宁夏共报告流感暴发疫情17起,且均发生在中小学校及托幼机构。结论 <15岁人群是宁夏地区流感流行的重点关注人群,建议每年10月份前推广流感疫苗的接种。同时应加强学校等人口聚集场所的流感防控工作,各地区根据流感监测情况,及时调整防控对策。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza like cases in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018, in order to reveal the epidemic characteristics and laws of influenza of Ningxia, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in the future. Methods The data of influenza case report, pathogen monitoring, influenza report and influenza outbreak report in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018 were collected through the China influenza surveillance information system, and the data were sorted out and analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 26.0. Results From 2009 to 2018, the characteristics of influenza in Ningxia showed a single peak epidemic, with the peak concentrated in winter and spring, and the incidence level showed an increasing trend(χ ■ = 0.300, P < 0.001);in the past 10 years, the average percentage of influenza like cases(ILI%) in five cities of Ningxia was different(χ ~2 = 0.199, P < 0.001);the proportion of influenza like cases under the age of 15 accounted for 56.08%;From 2009 to 2018,a total of 51 865 throat swab specimens were collected and tested for ILI,in which 5 358 cases were tested positive(10.33%). Among the 5 358 positive cases,influenza A virus was the main virus(accounting for 78.74%), while influenza B virus accounted for an increasing proportion year by year.During the past 10 years, Ningxia reported a total of 17 influenza outbreaks, all of which occurred in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. Conclusions From 2009 to 2018, the seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemic in Ningxia are obvious, but the dominant strains are different every year. Therefore, the prevention and control strategies should be adjusted in time according to the dominant strains.The population under 15 years old is the population with high incidence of influenza,which is suggested to promote the introduction of influenza vaccine before October every year, and focus on the influenza prevention and control work in schools and other population gathering places.

关 键 词：流感 流行特征 病原 暴发疫情 

分 类 号：R183.1[医药卫生—流行病学]