“已知最早二人转艺人”孙大娘、王纶生师徒相关史料的质疑及重释  

Questioning and Reinterpretation of Historical Materials Related to Sun Daniang and Wang Guansheng Who are the Earliest Known as Errenzhuan Artists

作　　者：李昂[1] LI Ang(Jilin Province Academy of Arts,Jilin,Changchun 130021)

机构地区：[1]吉林省艺术研究院,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《艺术百家》2020年第2期140-144,共5页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：2019年度吉林省社会科学基金项目"东北二人转通史"(项目编号:2019JD61)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：孙大娘、王纶生师徒是"已知最早二人转艺人"的说法始见于《中国曲艺志·辽宁卷》。而《中国曲艺志·辽宁卷》中孙王师徒的所有史料均来源于《志外志中的王纶生》一文,但是从此文所描述的孙王师徒的演唱内容、演奏乐器以及文化属性来看,孙王师徒应该并非二人转艺人,而是连像艺人。《志外志中的王纶生》是作者通过回忆《锦县志略》被删遗稿而写成,而遗稿中"王纶生传记"形成的文字依据只是王纶生墓碑文字和乾隆年间锦州知府张景苍所作的《万靖垂边记》,其中并没有提及孙大娘的存在,也没有提到二人曾扮成一旦一丑,只说王纶生"少游唱乞食于市"。据此分析,孙大娘可能是作者在编撰《锦县志略》时杜撰出来的人物,单就墓碑和《万靖垂边记》中对王纶生的描述而言,他应该是大板莲花落艺人。如若孙王师徒为"已知最早二人转艺人"的论断被推翻,那么业界应重新考量和研究东北二人转的起源时间、发祥地、流布方向等一系列问题。Sun Daniang and Wang Guansheng were the earliest known artists of Errenzhuan,which was first seen in the Records of Chinese Quyi(Liaoning Volume).Through textual research and analysis,all the historical materials of Sun and Wang are in the Records of Chinese Quyi(Liaoning Volume),which are from the article"Wang Guansheng Inside and Outside History".However,according to the point of view of the contents,musical instruments and cultural attributes that are described in this article,we can know that Sun and Wang should not be the Errenzhuan artists,they should be the"Lianxiang"artists."Wang Guansheng Inside and Outside History"is written,according to recollect of A Brief Introduction to the History of Jin County,which is the deleted at that time.However,the basis for the formation of Wang Guansheng’s biography is Wang Guansheng’s tombstone and Zhang Jingcang’s notes on Wanjing Frontier Life Record.Neither of them mentioned the existence of Sun,nor did they mention that once they did pretend to be clowns.It is only said that Wang Guansheng"sang and begged in the market,during his period of early youth".According to that,Sun may be a fictional figure in A Brief Introduction to the History of Jin County.As for the description of Wang Guansheng in the tombstone and the story of Wanjing Frontier Life Record,he should be an artist of Daban lianhualao.So we may overthrow the conclusion that Sun and Wang were the"earliest known Errenzhuan artist".A series of problems which are about the origin time,birthplace and distribution direction of the Northeast Errenzhuan,should be reconsidered and studied.

关 键 词：中国曲艺 孙大娘 王纶生 二人转 连像 大板莲花落 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]